Summoning of the Great General of the Great Qin Empire

Chapter 235

Duan Siping (893-944), the Taizu of Dali, the Bai nationality, and a native of Ximei (now Xizhou) in Dali, is said to be a native of Jianchuan Yongpang, the founder and founding emperor of the Dali Kingdom.

Duan Siping's family has been Nanzhao generals for generations, and his father Duan Baolong is Nanzhao Buxie.In the second year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty (937), he served as the envoy of Tonghai Jiedu. Because he was persecuted by Yang Qianzhen, the leader of Dayi Ning, he called for reducing the tax and grain for half and exempting Er for three years. He joined the uprising team dominated by slaves and serfs to hold The uprising broke through Taihe City (in the north of today's Dali City), destroyed Yang Qianzhen's Dayi Ning State, established Dali State, and took the city of Yangjubaa (today's Dali City) as its capital.After ascending the throne, he carried out strict reforms and expelled Yang's evil ministers.Easier system, less stringent regulations.A whole set of feudal system was established, so far and near returned to their hearts, and they were restrained, reunifying the situation of division and war since the end of the Nanzhao Dynasty.Daxing enfeoffed him and believed in Buddhism. He reigned for 8 years, built temples every year, and cast tens of thousands of Buddhas.After his death, his son Duan Siying succeeded to the throne, posthumously titled the Holy Civil and Military Emperor.

His real name is Duan Siping. The era where the Dali State ethnic group was born. Dali Ximei (now Xizhou) was born in 893 and died in 944. The main achievements were the establishment of Dali State, strict reforms, hard work, development and production. Emperor Wenwu

Duan Siping is a Baiman of Han descent; according to historical materials "Nanzhao Unofficial History", "Bai Gu Tong Ji Brief Introduction", "Dian Zai Ji" records: "Siping, the sixth grandson of Meng Qingping official Zhongguo, the son of Bu Xie Baolong. Therefore, it can be concluded that Duan Siping Siping is a white man of Han descent. Although Duan Siping's ancestors were from a family of hairpin tassels and had a prominent reputation, when Duan Siping was born, his family was in decline and he had become a declining nobleman.

Duan Siping was born in 893. At this time, the Meng clan's power in Nanzhao had declined, and palace coups were happening one after another.When Duan Siping was young, he lived in poverty every day. When he was a little older, he made a living by herding sheep in the mountains.The official family cultivated his political talents, literary and military skills, and the poor working life gave him the opportunity to get close to the lower class people and understand the sufferings of the people.Due to Duan Siping's outstanding martial arts skills and outstanding talents, he was initially promoted to the position of Mu Lan, and later he was promoted to Tonghai Jiedushi due to his meritorious service, becoming a general in charge of an area.

At that time, the Nanzhao society was undergoing changes, and the Nanzhao regime had come to an end and was successively replaced by Zheng Maisi's "Great Changhe Kingdom", Zhao Shanzheng's "Datian Xingguo" and Yang Qianzhen's "Dayi Ningguo".These regimes existed for a short period of time, and when they were replaced by each other, there would inevitably be some killings, which made the people miserable and full of complaints.Duan Siping has experienced the short-lived regimes of Zheng, Yang, and Zhao, and understands the importance of gaining the support of various ethnic groups.Duan Siping knew very well that the elite troops he had established in Tonghai could not compete with the Yang brothers, so he contacted other major surnames of the Bai people, secretly contacted the 37 tribes in eastern Yunnan, borrowed troops from the 37 tribes including Heicuan in eastern Yunnan, and mobilized Only when the broad masses of the people revolt can the Yang regime be overthrown.

At that time, it was no accident that history chose Duan Siping, who was born in the Bai nationality.First of all, Duan Siping knows the sufferings of the people best during his long-term contact with the working people.Distinct from Zheng Maisi and others, Duan Siping raised the banner of the uprising as soon as he raised the banner of the uprising, and put forward a very motivating slogan: "Cut your tax and grain by half, and extend your corvee for three years." The voices of people from all walks of life under heavy labor have won their enthusiastic response and support.Secondly, Duan Siping has the outstanding ability to organize and lead the struggle of the masses and the indomitable spirit of struggle.As early as the early days of his planning for the uprising, "Wherever grazing cattle, grazing horses, cocks crowing and dogs barking, etc., it is said that Duan Siping will be king" shows that Duan Siping's struggle has a broad mass base.

In 929, in order to avoid the persecution of Yang Qianzhen, Duan Siping temporarily left the Erhai area and moved to other areas to engage in the organization of the uprising.In the following seven years, there were no systematic written records of Duan Siping's activities, but there were sporadic records that he obtained the "divine halberd" at the peasant's home in "Pindian Boda Village" and the "divine ji" at Xiangyun Yejing Lake. , and went to "borrow soldiers from the Eastern Black Cuan".In the past seven years, Duan Siping has been carrying out arduous and meticulous preparations.In this way, Duan Siping led the army to overthrow Yang Qianzhen's rule in one fell swoop in 936, which was the inevitable result of the ripening.

Duan Siping obtained the support of the 37th Ministry of Eastern Yunnan.At the same time, Duan Siping won the approval of Gao and Dong, the two "white barbarian" nobles in the Erhai area.When Duan Siping sent troops, Gao Fang took the lead in responding, and Dong Yingluo served as Duan Siping's military advisor.

On February 937, the second year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty (2), a large-scale uprising led by Duan Siping broke out.Duan Siping gathered reinforcements from his younger brother Duan Siliang, county guard Gao Fang, and 4 troops from Eastern Yunnan. After careful organization and planning, finally all armies broke through Taihe City, destroyed Dayi Ning State, established Dali State, and established the capital Yangjumei City ( Today's Dali City), Jiannian Wende.

After Duan Siping established Dali, he also adjusted the class relations and ethnic relations left over from the Nanzhao rule.The first is to affirm the economic and political status of the emerging Bai feudal lords and further support them.For example, Gao Fang, the feudal lord of the Bai nationality, was granted the title of Marquis of Yue. In addition to recognizing his family’s original territory in the Erhai region, Juqiao (now Puning, Yunnan) was granted as his hereditary territory; Dong Jialuo was granted the title of prime minister, in addition to recognizing his family In addition to the original territory of the Erhai area, Chengji (now Yongsheng) was given as its hereditary territory;

The feudal manors of other Bai feudal lords in the Erhai area, such as the Yang family, were also expanded.For the village farmers of the Bai and Yi ethnic groups in the Erhai area, on the premise of recognizing the land they originally used, the burden of taxes and grains was reduced, and corvee was exempted for three years[6].As for the slaves of "everyone who is guilty and has no descendants", they are all "pardoned", that is, released.For the tribes and tribes that were ruled, their collective slave status during the Nanzhao period was lifted, and they were exempted from slave labor [7].The Dali regime finally stabilized.

On the basis of establishing the feudal system and stabilizing social order, Duan Siping began to make every effort to govern and develop production.He put forward: "The country is based on the people, and the people depend on food."At the same time, it also encouraged the development of animal husbandry and handicraft production, which enabled the social economy of Dali to recover and develop rapidly in a short period of time, and "the people were rich" and their lives were stable.

In the ninth year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty (944), Duan Siping died and was succeeded by his son Duan Siying.The temple name is Taizu, and the posthumous title is the Holy Civil and Military Emperor.

After Duan Siping ascended the throne, he first released the slaves, reduced taxes, and pardoned corvee for three years according to the promises made before the uprising.At the same time, completely abolish the old system during the period of disputes between the six major families, and reform the harsh cruel orders. [8] After Duan Siping ascended the throne, he carried out strict reforms, "expelling Yang's evil ministers, punishing those who committed serious crimes, showing violence and integrity, making the system easier, and eliminating harsh orders."Abolish slavery, establish and implement the feudal lordship system of land ownership, and reunify the situation of divisions and wars between various ethnic groups and departments since the end of Nanzhao.

On the basis of establishing the feudal system and stabilizing social order, Duan Siping began to make every effort to govern and develop production.He put forward: "The country is based on the people, and the people depend on food."At the same time, it also encouraged the development of animal husbandry and handicraft production, which enabled the social economy of Dali to recover and develop rapidly in a short period of time.

During Duan Siping's reign, he carried out strict reforms and expelled Yang's evil ministers.Easier system, less stringent regulations.A whole set of feudal system was established, so far and near returned to their hearts, and they were restrained, reunifying the situation of division and war since the end of the Nanzhao Dynasty.Daxing enfeoffed him and believed in Buddhism. He reigned for eight years, built temples every year, and cast tens of thousands of Buddhas.

As an outstanding Han-born Baiman leader and statesman, Duan Siping successfully led the great uprising of the people of various ethnic groups in Yunnan, overthrew the rule of Yang Qianzhen, destroyed the slave system, established the Dali State, and completed the transition to feudal serfdom. It has promoted the political, economic and cultural development of Dali and even the whole of Yunnan.

Once, Duan Siping went to Cangshan to herd cattle, and a cow suddenly said: "Siping is king! Siping is king!" At the foot of the mountain, several horses grazing also called to him: "Siping is king! Siping is king!" Be the king!" When he got home, the chickens in front of the door also yelled at him: "Siping is the king! Siping is the king!" These words were known by Yang Qianzhen, the king of Dayi Ning Kingdom.He immediately ordered to arrest Duan Siping.However, they sent people to arrest him several times, but they failed to arrest Duan Siping because he was not at home.It turned out that Duan Siping knew that Yang Qianzhen had sent someone to arrest him, so he fled to the north overnight.

After Duan Siping fled to Pindian, Duan Siping picked up his spear and went hunting in Dishi Mountain.He went to a steep place and saw something shining golden. When he got closer, he found that it was a pair of gold saddles and silver bridles.He thought this thing might be useful in the future, so he took it to a nearby dog ​​street pool to wash it.At this time, a big red horse with a head like a dragon's head and an elephant's body jumped out of the pool. It neighed loudly while striding towards Duan Siping.Surprised and delighted, Duan Siping put a gold saddle and silver bridle on the dragon horse, got on the horse, and ran on the way home.

Duan Siliang and Dong Jialuo felt very strange seeing Duan Siping go out empty-handed and come back on a tall horse.As soon as Duan Siping jumped off the horse, the two of them asked: "Where did you get your horse?" After Duan Siping explained the process to them, Dong Jialuo said: "It's no accident that you got the sharp gun and the dragon horse. It's God's will." Duan Siping said: "From the rescue of the old man in Shangguan to the sharp spear and dragon horse, I also feel like a god is helping in secret." Dong Jialuo also said: "Yang Qianzhen is tyrannical and innocent, the sky is angry and the people are angry, the gods Helping you secretly means helping you first, and you should not disappoint the will of heaven and the people!" From then on, they began to recruit troops and stepped up their training, preparing to conquer Yang Qianzhen in the future.

One day, a walnut seller came to Duan Siping and gave him a sack of walnuts. Duan Siping picked up the biggest one and cracked it open, and found the word "Qingxi" in the shell.Duan Siping invited Dong Jialuo here and asked, "If it's good or bad, please tell the military commander directly." Dong Jialuo said: "The green character is December, and the old character is 21st. The day you become king is December 21st." Duan Siping was very happy after hearing this, and said to the people around him: "If I can become a king, I will definitely repay you well. I will also cut taxes in half, exempt three years from hard labor, and keep the people safe. It can overthrow the Ning Kingdom of Dayi." Everyone cheered three times when they heard this.

When attacking Dayining, Duan Siping invited Dong Jialuo to explain the dream.After hearing this, Dong Jialuo laughed and said: "Good dream, good dream, this dream couldn't be better!" Duan Siping asked puzzledly: "Why is it said to be a good dream?" Dong Jialuo said: "The father is the husband, and the word "husband" is removed from the head. The word '天' is a sign of the Son of Heaven; the missing mouth of the jade vase means a missing point next to the word jade, which is the word '王', which is a sign of the king; there is a shadow in the mirror, just like a person has an enemy, if the mirror is broken and there is no shadow, this is invincibility These three things are all good omens, so don’t worry too much.” After hearing this, Duan Siping turned his worries into joy, and led his troops to battle that afternoon.But when he saw the pass lined with swords and guns, he was a little at a loss again.At this time, a beautiful woman suddenly appeared from the river in front and said to Duan Siping: "The soldiers crossed the water from the end of the river, and the horses advanced from the upper and lower sand flats. I guarantee you success. After winning the country, the name of the country was changed to Dali." ." The perfect girl disappeared.

Regarding Duan Siping's birth and the founding of the country, there are many legends in Dali, Eryuan, and Jianchuan, which are widely spread, and there are many different stories and texts.

The myths and legends of Duan Siping's sharp gun, dragon horse, and enlightenment by Guanyin are not only passed down orally, but also recorded in historical books such as "Bai Guo Yu Yu" and "Nanzhao Unofficial History", but they are not as vivid and vivid as the folk oral traditions. Just be specific.In addition, in many martial arts novels, there are also many descriptions of Duan Siping, and he is usually described as the number one master of the Dali Kingdom and the founder of the Six Meridians Sword.

Duan Siping's mother is A Yuan, who is said to be born from a fairy fetus.At that time, there was a thousand-year-old plum tree under Wutai Peak in Cangshan Mountain, which had not produced fruit for many years.One year, the old plum tree produced a plum.This plum grows when it sees the wind, and it grows as big as a wax gourd in just a few months.One night, in the dead of night, the plum suddenly fell and broke in two. In one half lay a pretty little girl, crying and screaming, which woke up a couple named Duan from a nearby family.They happened to have no children, so they adopted the little girl.Because she was white and fat, she was named Baijie and Amei.Sister Bai and Amei grew more beautiful, smart and capable, so many people in the village came to propose marriage, but she didn't like any of them.In addition, the two old people were also reluctant to marry her off, so she stayed by the old people's side all the time.

One day, she went to the Xiayi River to take a bath, and suddenly saw a broken log rushing towards her from the downstream, and she couldn't dodge it, the log touched her, and she became pregnant.Ten months later, she gave birth to a pair of white and fat sons. The older one was named Siping and the younger one was named Sirian.

After Duan Siping became the king of Dali, he was deeply loved by the people because he formulated a series of measures to govern the country and stabilize the country. Therefore, after his death, many Bai villages in Dali and Eryuan respected him as their master. .The people in Heyang Village, Yinqiao Township, Dali respect him especially, and build temples and statues for him. Every year on the main day of the eighth lunar month, people hold grand ceremonies to worship him.

As the founding emperor of the Dali Empire, Duan Siping is also the ancestor of Duan Yu, one of the protagonists of "Dragon and Babu", a generation of martial arts masters. Shock the number one master of the age.

Duan Siping is well versed in Buddhism, established Tianlong Temple, established Buddhism as the state religion of Dali, and opened up the political system of the Dali Empire. Master Kurong and Master Yideng in Jin Yong's novels are both Duan Siping's blood.

(End of this chapter)