Summoning of the Great General of the Great Qin Empire

Chapter 238

Gar Qinling, whose full name is Zandro Gar Qinling Zandro, is a minister and general of Tubo.He is an outstanding statesman and military strategist in Tibetan history.His ancestors were Tubo nobles for generations, surnamed Xue.His father, Lu Dongzan, "has a serious personality, he teaches soldiers and trains teachers, and is elegant and restrained. Tubo annexed the Qiangs, and he dominated the land, so he had many schemes." He once went to Chang'an to ask for marriage for Songtsan Gampo, and Princess Wencheng married west A grand event in Tubo Tsampo.

In the first year of Emperor Gaozong Yonghui (650), Songtsen Gampo passed away, and Mansong Mangtsan succeeded Zanpu.Because Zanpu was young, Lu Dongzan was in charge of government affairs.In the second year of Qianfeng in Tang Dynasty (667), Lu Dongzan passed away, and Qinling took control of the government.In Tubo language, the prime minister is called Lun, but Qinling is actually the Tubo prime minister, so it is called Lunqinling in history.Lu Dongzan and his son have been in charge of the Tubo government for 70 years.

The Battle of Dafeichuan in 670.In the Tang Dynasty, Xue Rengui, the general of the right guard, was the general manager of the Luosuo Road march. The general of the left guard, Ashina Daozhen, and the deputy of the general of the left guard, Guo Daifeng, led the army to crusade against Tubo and sent Tuyuhun back to the old land.Xue Rengui ordered Guo Daifeng to lead 2 people to guard the luggage in Dafeiling.Xue Rengui's commander went forward and attacked Tubo at the mouth of the river, smashing it and capturing many people.Guo Daifeng did not implement Xue Rengui's strategy, and led his luggage to follow him. He was defeated by more than 670 Tubo troops and abandoned his luggage.When Xue Rengui's troops returned to Dafeichuan, the Tubo Lun Qinling generals attacked with more than 146 soldiers, and the Tang soldiers were defeated.Xue Rengui made peace with Lun Qinling and returned. (About the number of Tang troops in the Battle of Dafeichuan, Zizhi Tongjian did not say in 5, other materials, some say more than 2 troops, some say 2, "Cefu Yuangui" "Old Tang Book Benji Fifth" "New Tang Book Biography 1 Part 3" said that the army was 10. According to the analysis of the combat process and Li Jing's art of war, the Tang army was 2. Feng, Guo Daifeng has a total of 10 soldiers, so there should be no more than 5 heavy soldiers. According to Li Jing's military law, the Tang army has 1.5 heavy soldiers for every 5 people. The theory of 2 is wrong; if it is 5, [-] soldiers plus [-] soldiers will be exactly [-]. So the [-] is correct.)
In 678, Liu Rengui Township Taohe, every time there was a petition, it was mostly suppressed by Li Jingxuan, and he complained.Rengui knew that Jingxuan was not a general, and wanted to slander him, so he said: "There is no way to guard the west, but Jingxuan." Emperor Gaozong of Tang made Jingxuan the general manager and appeasement ambassador of Taohe River on behalf of Rengui.Li Jingxuan's 18 soldiers fought against Tubo's Lunqin Ling in Qinghai.The army was defeated, and Liu Shenli was not in the battle.General Hei Chi Changzhi, the leader of the left army, and 500 people who dared to die at night, attacked the Tubo barracks. The Tubo army was defeated and retreated.

In the same year, Emperor Gaozong heard that Tubo Zanpu had died, and planned to send Pei Xingjian, Minister of the Ministry of War, to destroy Tubo.

"Old Tang Book Biography 149" records that Li Jinxing of the Tang Dynasty commented on the Qin Mausoleum of Tubo: "At the beginning of Zhenguan, he worshiped the right guard general and gave him the surname Li. He was looking for a death. Zi Jinxing, great-looking, and outstanding in force. Lin Dezhong, history Moved to the governor of Yingzhou. Thousands of tribal families and children were feared by the barbarians because of their financial strength. They worshiped the general on the right and became the ambassador of Jishidao. In the middle, the soldiers were going to collect firewood, but they had no equipment. When they heard the bandits coming, they set up flags and beat drums, and opened the door to wait for them. Tubo suspected that there was an ambush, but they dared not enter.

In the third year of Shangyuan, (Li Jinxing) defeated tens of thousands of Tubo people in Qinghai, and sent a seal to encourage them.Tired awarded the general of the town army, the general of Xingyouwei, and the title of Yan Guogong. ..."

In 680, the Tubo army attacked Heyuan (now the eastern part of Qinghai Province), but was repelled by Tang general Hei Chi Changzhi.Hei Chi Chang's route was around the source of the river, and more than [-] camps were set up, and more than [-] hectares of farmland were opened up, so he was well prepared for battle.

In 681, Tubo Lun Zanpo led an army of 3 in Liangfeichuan, and Hei Chi Changzhi led 3000 cavalry to repel the Tubo army, killing more than [-] ranks.Collect their grain and livestock and return them.Chang Zhi served in the army for seven years, and Tubo was deeply afraid of him.

In 682, Tubo invaded the Heyuan Army (one of the garrisons of the Tang Dynasty, and the military rule was near Xining, Qinghai). The army sent Lou Shide to attack Baishuijian, winning eight battles and eight victories.

From 687 to 6, the Tang army left the four towns of Anxi, and the Tubo army took the opportunity to enter Anxi.

Battle of Anxi in 689.Wei Dai, the coach of the Tang army, had no talent as a general, and was unfavorable in the first battle. Later, he encountered heavy snow, the food supply failed, and the soldiers were cold and starved, so he led the army back.

In 692, Wang Xiaojie, the general manager of the Wuwei Army, defeated Tubo, regained the four towns, reset the Anxi Protectorate in Kucha, and stationed 3 Tang soldiers.

In 694, Wang Xiaojie, the general manager of Wuwei Road, broke the Tubo Lun Zan Ren, and Turkic Khan Zi equaled Lengquan and Daling, each with more than [-] people.

In 696, Wang Xiaojie, Lou Shide and the Tubo general Lunqinling Zanpo fought at Suluohan Mountain, and the Tang army was defeated.

In 696, Lun Qinling asked the Tang army to withdraw from the Western Regions, but was rejected by the Tang Dynasty.

Tang and Tibet negotiated peace, and commented on Qinling said: "Furthermore, the four barbarians and the Tang Dynasty are all ministers and they are merged. Although they are overseas, they are indelible. Tubo is suitable for those who live alone. They are just brothers and be careful, so they can protect each other." [3]
Tang fought with Tubo for nearly 200 years, and Tang won more victories than defeats.The Tang army defeated the Tubo army in the Battle of Songzhou, and Tubo withdrew from Dangxiang, Bailanqiang, Qinghai Tuyuhun, etc., and the Western Regions were gradually controlled by the Tang Dynasty.Later, Tubo Lunqinling won several battles and occupied the western part of Qinghai, but failed to compete for Anxi. Lunqinling asked Tang to withdraw from Anxi, but it was helpless to be rejected.

The Tang Dynasty controlled the northwest court of Longyou'an, Hexi Province for a long time. Li Yi, Xue Na, Zhang Sili, Huangfu Weiming, Wang Zhongsi, Shu Han, and Gao Xianzhi defeated the Tubo army many times, either killing tens of thousands of enemies, or opening up territory, and pushing the front line in the east to the west of Qinghai Lake. Drive the Tubo out of the Great and Big Bolu in the northwest, and suppress the Tibet from the east to the northwest.Later, the Anshi Rebellion, the Zhu Si Rebellion, the Niu and Li Party Fighting for Manna, and the Tang Dynasty continued internal fighting. Tubo took the opportunity to win some, but the Tang Dynasty Li Sheng, Wei Gao, Shi Jingfeng, etc. severely damaged the Tubo army many times. Later, the Tubo Kingdom was besieged internally and externally and perished first.

1. [In [-], General Xue Rengui of the Right Weiwei was appointed as the general manager of Luosudao March, General Ashina Daozhen of the Right Guard and General Guo Daifeng of the Left Guard were deputy deputies, and he led [-] troops to attack Tibet. 】——"Old Book of Tang Dynasty·The Fifth Book of the Book"

2. 【Take Rengui as the general manager of the Luosuo Road Marching Army.Lead the generals Ashina Daozhen, Guo Daifeng and others to attack them.Waiting for Fengchang to be the guard of Shancheng Town, he is ashamed of benevolence and honor, and often violates integrity.When the army arrived at Dafeichuan, they were about to go to Wuhai. Rengui said that he was waiting for the seal and said: "Wuhai is dangerous and far away, and the driving is difficult. If you draw heavy luggage, you will lose your chance. You will return as soon as you break the thief, and you will be troubled by transshipment. He is full of miasma. It is not advisable to stay for a long time. Dafei Mountain is enough to set up fences, and 30 people can be left as two fences, and the baggage and others will be kept inside the fences. Go first, encounter bandits at the mouth of the river, defeat them, capture almost all of them, collect more than ten thousand cattle and sheep, and return to Wuhai City to wait for backup.Waiting for the closure, he did not follow the orders of benevolence and honor, and continued to advance with the luggage.As far as Wuhai, more than [-] people from Tubo came to rescue and invited them to attack. When they were defeated, they went to the mountains, and their rations and luggage were plundered by bandits.Rengui withdrew his army and settled in Dafeichuan.Tubo also benefited more than [-] people to resist the war, and the army was defeated. Rengui then made a peace agreement with the Tubo general on Qinling. 】——"Old Tang Book Biography No.[-] Three"

3. [In the first year of Xianheng, Xue Rengui, the general of the right Weiwei, was the general manager of the Luosuo Road marching, the general of the left guard, Ashina Daozhen, and the deputy of the general of the left guard, Guo Daifeng, had a total of 215 troops to fight against Tubo Nanuo hobo was in the old court.Wang Shi was defeated in Dafeichuan. ] "New Book of Tang Volume 146 Biography [-] Part [-]"

4. [In the fourth year of Yifeng, Zanpu died. His son Qi Nuxi Nong took the throne, and his nickname was Zanpu. 】

5. [Autumn, July, Tubo Kou Heyuan, Zuo Wuwei General Hei Chi Changzhi attacked him.He was promoted to be the economic and strategic ambassador of the Heyuan Army.Often they use the source of the river to attack the main points, and want to add troops to garrison them, but turn to dangerous places, so they set up more than 1980 camps and opened more than [-] hectares of farmland, so they are well prepared for battle. ] "Zizhi Tongjian" Yonglong first year (Gengchen, AD [-], [-])
6. 【Ji Chou, Heyuan Dao Economic and Strategy Ambassador Hei Chi Chang Zhi sent troops to attack Tubo on praising Po Yu Liang Fei Chuan, and broke it.Collect its grain and livestock and return it.Changzhi has been in the army for seven years, and Tubo is deeply afraid of him. ] "Zizhi Tongjian" Kaiyao first year (Xinsi, AD [-])
7. [The Tubo invaded the Heyuan army, and the army envoy Lou Shide attacked the Baishuijian, winning eight battles and eight victories. ] "Zizhi Tongjian" Yongchun first year (Renwu, AD [-])
8. [Long live the first year of Dengfeng, Xiaojie returned to be the general manager of Subian Road, and led the deputy director Lou Shide and Tubo to fight Lun Qinling and Zampo in Suro Khan Mountain.The officer and army were defeated, and Xiaojie was dismissed from office.In the first year of Wansui Tongtian, [-] Tubo people were dying at the foot of Liangzhou city. The governor Xu Qin didn't realize it at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, so he went out of his department lightly.At that time, Tubo sent envoys to ask for peace, and the heavens would allow it; Lun Qinling invited soldiers from the four towns in Anxi, but they still claimed to divide the land of ten surnames, but the heavens would not allow it. 】

,【Tuban self-discussion that the Qinling brothers specialize in commanding soldiers and horses, and Qinling is always in the middle. In terms of dividing the land among the younger brothers, Zanpo is exclusively in the eastern border. It is a neighbor of China. For more than [-] years, it has often been a border trouble.His brothers all have talents, and all the tribes are afraid of them.In the second year of the holy calendar, his zanpu weapon and crossbow Xilong grew older, and he and his minister Lunyan and other secret pictures.When the Qinling Mausoleum was outside, Zanpu pretended to be a hunter, and summoned soldiers to capture more than [-] people from the Qinling Mausoleum and kill them.Send envoys to call Qinling, Zanpo, etc., but Qinling's troops were not called, and Zanpu asked for it from the generals. Qinling collapsed without a battle, so he committed suicide. 】——"Old Tang Book Volume [-] Part [-] Tubo Part [-]"

10. [In the first year of Zhengsheng, Qinling and Zanpo attacked Luntao, Xiaojie fought against Suro Khan Mountain as the general manager of Subian Road, and the captives were defeated.He attacked Liangzhou again and killed the governor.Send envoys to ask for peace, make an appointment to dismiss the soldiers of the four towns, and ask for the land of the ten surnames.Empress Wu ordered Tongquan Lieutenant Guo Yuanzhen to go as an envoy, and Dao met Qinling.Yuan Zhen said: "Dongzan serves the imperial court, and he swears endless love. Now he is obscene and self-defeating, and the old age disturbs the border. The father understands him, and the son rejects him. Is it filial? The father serves him, and the son betrays him. Is he loyal?" Qinling said: " However, Xu He, the son of heaven, has to stop the garrison of the two countries, and let the ten surnames Turkic, and the four towns each establish a monarch, so that the country can defend itself?" Yuan Zhen said: "Tang used ten surnames and four towns to govern the western land, and it was a country. Lord, there is no such thing as Taoism, and all the tribes are different from Tubo, and they have long been the people of the Tang Dynasty." Qinling said: "The envoy wants me to cut down all the tribes to cause evil in the Tang Dynasty? If I am greedy for land and wealth, then Qinghai, Huang Sichuan is near, why not fight now? The Turkic tribes are vast and deserted, and they are far away from China. There is a disputed land thousands of miles away from evil? Moreover, the four barbarians and the Tang Dynasty are all subject to them. Those who are there, just be careful with brothers, and you have to protect your ears.

Ten surnames, Wudulu, are close to Anxi, and far away from Tubo.Wuhai, Yellow River, Guanyuan block Austria, many pests, the Tang Dynasty will not be able to enter; then the weak and weak will easily become a problem for the Tibetans, so I want to get them, not the regular tribes.Gan and Liang are two thousand miles away from the Jishi Road, and their width is not hundreds of miles, and their narrowness is only a hundred miles. If I go out of Zhangye and Yumen, and make the big country not plow in spring and harvest in autumn, within five or six years, I can cut off the right side.If I don't abandon it now, I don't worry about it.In the Battle of Qinghai, Huang Rensu made a peace agreement, but kept guard on the frontier, and Cui Zhibian plundered my cattle and sheep tens of thousands of dollars in order to seek it. "The envoy insisted on asking, and Yuan Zhen firmly said that it was not allowed, so he followed it. Qinling has been in charge of the country for a long time, and he often lives in the middle to control affairs. All his younger brothers are leading the frontier soldiers, and Zanpo has been in the east for 30 years. He is a border trouble. All brothers Talented and powerful, everyone is afraid of it. Now that the weapons and crossbows are long, they want to gain the country for themselves, and gradually become unbalanced, so they discuss with the ministers about rocks and other plans to get rid of it. Qinling Fang raised troops to stay outside, Zan Putuo said to hunt, that is, he reined in his troops to hold him More than 16 people from the pro-party killed him, sent envoys to call Qinling and Zanpo, Qinling refused, and Zanpu asked for it. Before the battle, Qinling was defeated, but committed suicide, left and right were martyred and more than a hundred people died.]— —"New Book of Tang, Volume 41, Part [-], Biography No. [-], Part [-], Tubo Part [-]"

11. [In the first year of Xianheng, Tubo invaded the bandits, and he was ordered to be the general manager of the Luosuo Road march. He led the generals Ashina Daozhen and Guo Daifeng to attack him to aid Tuyuhun.Shi Feng tasted to be the guard of Shancheng Town, and Rengui and other barbarians, and yes, he was ashamed to be under him, which was quite against the rules.At the beginning, when the army was in Dafeichuan, it was about to go to Wuhai. Rengui said: "The land of Wuhai is dangerous and miasma. I am in danger. If I go to death, I will be successful, but if I am late, I will lose. Today Dafeiling is wide and flat, and it can be placed The second sluice, take care of the heavy luggage inside, leave ten thousand people guarding it, and I will cover up the thieves and destroy them.” Nai Yueqi went to the mouth of the river, met the thieves, broke them, killed and plundered many of them, and captured tens of thousands of cattle and sheep.Enter Wuhai City to wait for backup.At the beginning of the seal, they refused to follow, and led the luggage to follow in. Tubo led a crowd of 20 to invite them to attack, and the food battles were all gone.Rengui retreated to Dafeichuan, and 40 soldiers from Tubo came to fight, and Wang Shi was defeated.Rengui and Tubo will talk about the peace of Qinling, but they have to return it, and Tuyuhun is gone.Rengui sighed and said: "This year is Gengwu, and the stars are descending in Lou. Nothing should happen to the west. Deng Ai died in Shu, and I know that he will be defeated."】—— "New Book of Tang Volume [-] Biography No. Thirty-six Biography of Xue Rengui

12. [In the first year of Zhengsheng, Tubo invaded Taozhou, so Shi De discussed it with Xia Guan Shangshu Wang Xiaojie, and discussed with Tubo generals Yinling and Zampo in the battle of Suluo Khan Mountain. . 】——"Old Tang Book Volume Nine Three Biography Four Third"

13. 【Qinling, the son of Lu Dongzan, and his younger brothers Zanpo, Siduoyu, and Bolun all have talents.Ludong praised his death, and Qinling was in charge of the government. The third younger brother led the soldiers outside, and the neighboring countries feared him. 】——"Zizhi Tongjian Volume [-] Tang Dynasty Seventeen"

14. [February, Renxu, Tubo Zanpu died, Ziqi Nu was established, and he was born for eight years.Shi Qi Nu Xi Nong and his uncle Qu Sa Ruo Yi Yang sent troops together. A younger brother was six years old and was in the army of Lun Qinling.The people of the country are afraid of the strength of the Qinling Mausoleum, and if they want to establish it, the Qinling Mausoleum cannot be used. 】——"Zizhi Tongjian Volume [-] Tang Dynasty Eighteen"

15. [At the beginning of Zhenguan, he paid homage to General Youwei and gave him the surname Li.Seek death.The son is sincere, majestic, and powerful.In Lindezhong, Li moved to the governor of Yingzhou.There are thousands of children in the tribe, and they are feared by the barbarians with their wealth.Lei worshiped the right-leading general and was the ambassador of Jishidao Economic Strategy.Tubo Lunqinling led 10 people into the bandit Huangzhong. They were dedicated to collecting firewood as soldiers. They had no equipment. When they heard the bandits coming, they built flags and beat drums, and opened the door to wait for them.Tubo suspected that there was an ambush, but dared not enter.

In the third year of Shangyuan, tens of thousands of people in Tubo were defeated in Qinghai, and the seal was written to encourage them.Tired awarded the general of the town army, the general of Xingyouwei, and the title of Yan Guogong. ...] - "Old Tang Book Biography 149"

, 【Tubo repatriation envoy please make peace, the queen mother sent You Wuwei Zhou Cao Canjun to Guixiang Guo Yuanzhen to check it out.Tubo will discuss the Qinling Mausoleum, please dismiss the garrison troops in the four towns of Anxi, and ask for the land of ten Turkic surnames.Yuan Zhen said: "The four towns, the ten surnames, and the Tubo species are different. Now, please dismiss the Tang soldiers. Don't you have the ambition to merge?" Qinling said: "The Tubo dogs are greedy for land. , How can you plan to benefit evil from thousands of miles away!" He sent an envoy with Yuan Zhen to invite him. 】——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian Volume 21 Tang Ji [-]"

17. [Send envoys to ask for peace, make an appointment to dismiss the soldiers of the four towns, and ask for the land of the ten surnames.Empress Wu ordered Tongquan Lieutenant Guo Yuanzhen to go as an envoy, and Dao met Qinling.Yuan Zhen said: "Dongzan serves the imperial court, and he swears endless love. Now he is obscene and self-defeating, and the old age disturbs the border. The father understands him, and the son rejects him. Is it filial? The father serves him, and the son betrays him. Is he loyal?" Qinling said: " However, Xu He, the son of heaven, has to stop the garrison of the two countries, and let the ten surnames Turkic, and the four towns each establish a monarch, so that the country can defend itself?" Yuan Zhen said: "Tang used ten surnames and four towns to govern the western land, and it was a country. Lord, there is no such thing as Taoism, and all the tribes are different from Tubo, and they have long been the people of the Tang Dynasty." Qinling said: "The envoy wants me to cut down all the tribes to cause evil in the Tang Dynasty? If I am greedy for land and wealth, then Qinghai, Huang Sichuan is near, why not fight now? The Turkic tribes are vast and deserted, and they are far away from China. There is a disputed land thousands of miles away from evil? Moreover, the four barbarians and the Tang Dynasty are all subject to them. For those who are here, just be careful with brothers, and you have to protect your ears. Ten surnames, Wudulu, are close to Anxi, and far away from Tubo. New Book of Tang Biography 141 Part [-]

18. [In the early days, Tubo Zanpu Qinu Xinong was still young, and the Qinling brothers were brave and strategic, and all Hu feared him.Qinling is in the middle and governing, and the younger brothers hold the army and divide the land. Zanpo often lives in the east and has been a Chinese patient for more than 22 years.The weapons and crossbows are known to be soaked in long, and the Yin and the ministers discuss the rocks to get rid of them.When Huiqinling went out, Zanpu lied to the cloud and went out, gathered more than [-] people from Qinling's party, killed them, and sent envoys to call Qinling's brothers, and Qinling and others raised their troops and refused.Zanpu fought against him, Qinling was defeated and committed suicide. 】——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian Volume [-] Tang Ji [-]"

Reference materials 1. Biography 149 of "Old Tang Book": Zi is sincere, magnificent, and powerful.In Lindezhong, Li moved to the governor of Yingzhou.There are thousands of children in the tribe, and they are feared by the barbarians with their wealth.Lei worshiped the right-leading general and was the ambassador of Jishidao Economic Strategy.Tubo Lunqinling led 10 people into the bandit Huangzhong. They were dedicated to collecting firewood as soldiers. They had no equipment. When they heard the bandits coming, they built flags and beat drums, and opened the door to wait for them.Tubo suspected that there was an ambush, but dared not enter.In the third year of Shangyuan, tens of thousands of people in Tubo were defeated in Qinghai, and the seal was written to encourage them.Awarded

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