Mary Su Stuart

In Francois's letter, Mary glimpsed a learned and talented Bordeaux (that's the famous wine producing area is right) aristocrat.This Mr. Montaigne, who is well-read, broad-minded, pursuing freedom but respecting order, was appreciated by Lobitard, who recommended him to the crown prince.Francois had a good chat with him and was full of praise for him.

"His words are exquisite, his writing style is beautiful, philosophical and fascinating...His French seems to be able to compose the most beautiful melody in the world." Mary looked at Francois's handwriting full of excitement. "And Longza, they are completely different styles."

So, François is, fascinated by others?

Uh, please don't have any unethical feelings—uncle Charles once told her that Montaigne had a best friend of the same sex who died of illness last year, which caused him a big blow.

Mary is not omniscient.She doesn't know for the time being that François is late in coming, and there are other reasons... She doesn't know that Montaigne is actually indifferent to fame and wealth, and despises princes. Although learning is his favorite, he can't resist the world. Later, he left Paris and returned to his hometown to get engaged.

Mary's concentration did not stay on Montaigne for too long.After all, she didn't know much about the immortal status of Montaigne and his "Essays" in the history of French literature and philosophy. In comparison, she was particularly interested in a certain descendant of Montaigne.

That is Francis Bacon. 【Note [-]】

The current Minister of the Great Seal of the Privy Council of England is Nicholas Bacon.Cough cough, his second son is named Francis.

That is, he should be right!

It's a pity that this future great philosopher is only three years old this year.

Mary lamented.There are rumors in history that because of the suppression of his uncle William Cecil, Bacon failed to rise to the top during the Elizabeth period.If I were nine years younger than Elizabeth, I would have to wait another 20 years to promote him.

Forget it, let's talk about it later.

Mary clutched her quill, and turned to think about what she would prepare for the second England Official Medical Symposium.

Well, this time, preparations were made early... In time, this system will be popularized throughout Britain?

Mary knows that the development of any subject cannot be achieved overnight.No matter what kind of scientific achievement, it usually takes a period of time from its germination to its general acceptance; if it is actually applied to people, it often takes a longer time.Fortunately, history has a conclusion: "Technology does not only improve under the guidance of science, nor does science progress only motivated by technological needs."

Therefore, she does not necessarily have to establish a modern medical knowledge system in the sixteenth century (in fact, it is difficult to reach the sky).She can just provide a little framework for thinking like Democritus created the atom theory thousands of years ago, and let the latecomers use empirical methods to gradually improve it.

The task of the Prince Regent is mainly to be responsible for the venue and financial support; also, to communicate with them in due course, to talk about her "advanced ideas" that are most convenient for promotion and implementation, to inspire thinking, or to directly find someone to do experiments to confirm.

For example, she observed that modern doctors have to put their ears to the patient's chest for auscultation—so what about fat people?Women who are slightly plump are also shy, right?She remembered that it seemed that at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Reinek discovered the principle of sound transmission with wooden poles, and then he created the original stethoscope.However, this principle is not complicated at all, and the equipment requirements are also low. She can definitely urge doctors to practice "early".

This can just be promoted at the second exchange meeting, which is not bad.

Is there anything else?

Mary racked her brains, searched her brains, tried to remember.Yes, an Englishman named Harvey explained the principle of blood circulation, which was once hailed as "the greatest event in the history of medicine since Galen (a famous doctor who studied the function of the heart and blood in the 2nd century)".The problem is that this person's main theory was published in the early seventeenth century, and she was afraid that she would not be able to wait.Therefore, she had better, simply, put forward the "conjecture" herself first, and encourage the doctors: animal experiments, and... autopsy.

Oh, although Pope Clement VII began to loosen his attitude in 1537, considering the actual situation, allowing the use of autopsy for teaching, most people in this era are quite scruples about dissecting corpses.At this time, the Prince Regent officially expressed his support for "positivism", which will be more or less helpful.

From "rotting corpses", Mary thinks of microbes again.Oh, and there is a lack of observation tools in this day and age.But——Mary couldn't help lamenting: Leonardo da Vinci, a mechanical genius, has passed away for many years; and the two most famous Hookes in the history of the invention of microscopes, master mirror grinders Leeuwen Hooke and Robert Hooke, are probably still alive. Not born?

What about optics and refraction, she still remembers a little bit.The problem is that even if she can draw a rough drawing to make a microscope, she still needs a master to grind the lens and adjust the aperture!

Therefore, this is a great test for craftsmen!

Scotland's glass technology is so backward that the queen of the country doesn't want to talk... and England, since 1560, has finally been able to make glass close to the level of Venice.However, Mary feels that among the resources she has, French products are the most stable and reliable.

Speaking of which, the glass industry is really important, and it is definitely worth making great efforts to develop.The stability of silica is a boon for the scientific community (I heard that Lavoisier has tens of thousands of beakers), and it can be used in both biology and chemistry departments.Also, that is, to open up new ways of making money.

Mary wanted to burst into tears—when could she start making silvered glass mirrors?

She happily gave the method of making the mercury mirror to Henry II because she had a more advanced formula in her mind!

However, now is not a good time.The high-quality mercury mirrors produced in France are becoming popular and best-selling, and relying on the strong ability of the Valois royal family to carry goods, they have already occupied an overwhelming advantage in just a few years; the market share of the Venetian is rapidly losing.

Once the silver-plated glass mirror is produced, I am afraid that the original market will be more chaotic.The benefits of silver-coated glass mirrors are certainly incomparable; but what follows may be the rapid depreciation of mercury mirrors and the depreciation of luxury goods; in the worst case, manufacturers will lose out in price wars.

Henry II has not yet earned enough, and the treasury of the French treasury is still empty. She must not interfere and ruin her "own" business.

In any case, Valois' support was very important to Mary Stuart.

Mary rubbed her eyes, and turned her divergent thoughts back to the physician exchange meeting.She pushed aside the written parchment, pulled through the medical test records sent by doctors from all over the place, and slowly flipped through them.

—Derbyshire.Two children with night blindness were found.All told to take chicken liver. After 30 days, there was indeed a significant improvement.A child is close to recovery.

OK, not bad.The clinical evidence is supported by each case.

— Norfolk.Three adult patients with toe erosion and desquamation received wheat bran therapy for four weeks without any effect.

Uh, doctor, can you tell the difference between beriberi and athlete's foot caused by fungi (in fact, Mary herself can't tell the difference)?

— Somerset.Only the elder brother among the twins was allowed to eat extra cod. Observed in March, the rib valgus seemed to be less than that of the younger brother.Or need more time to improve, please increase the subsidy.

This can be.Mary casually instructed: "Agreed".

In fact, what she most wanted to know was the control of scurvy.However, the time was short, and most of the ships were still at sea, and no one sent her a report.

Mary turned another page.Hey, what is this?

"... Regarding the epidemic of smallpox, there is a group of people that deserves special attention. There have been three or four outbreaks in this county in the past ten years. Among them, the towns and towns have obviously had a high incidence; the villages are rare. I have observed that all the milkmaids in the village were spared ——Even if their family members get sick together, they rarely have symptoms.”

"It has been verified that most of them suffered from herpes on their hands similar to that of cows, and they were infected by contact with milking. I boldly assume that it is not witchcraft that they can resist smallpox, but because they have been infected with cowpox .”

"Symptoms of cowpox generally have mild fever; the rash or blisters are often limited to the hands and arms, and even if the face is involved, there are very few scars."

"It is well known that smallpox patients are cured and never get it again. Similar to cowpox, milkmaids rarely get relapsed."

"If you have had cowpox, you can avoid getting smallpox again; then, I think, most people would prefer to have a less harmful disease first."

Signed: Robert Flood.

Mary's eyes widened—this name, isn't it Jenner? !

(Of course not Jenner, who is famous for his vaccinia vaccination. He lived in the eighteenth century.)

Mary's heart surged.

It turns out that some people have discovered the meaning of cowpox in this age, so we must spread it as soon as possible!

Smallpox is said to be a major infectious disease that caused the loss of one-fifth of Europe's population!

Mary picked up a pen and quickly wrote down everything she could think of as a reply to Dr. Flude.

"Your thoughts are simply the gospel for all human beings under the threat of smallpox."

"I have always believed that the human body has a self-protection ability. When it is attacked by a disease, it can resist and overcome the disease from the outside world-I would like to call it immunity. Immunity has memory. When encountering the same When the disease is serious, it can ensure that the enemy is protected from the outside and the body will not be violated. This is probably the reason why people only suffer from smallpox once in a lifetime."

"Perhaps, the smallpox disease and the cowpox disease are very similar in nature; therefore, human immunity is strongly vigilant against them."

"So, I thought, try to infect healthy people with cowpox and see if they're immune to smallpox."

"It's not practical to let healthy people go to milking work. However, if it is determined that the vaccinia blister fluid is contagious, it can be inoculated into the damaged skin of healthy people to induce a symptom response."

"After a period of time, the vaccinators are then exposed to smallpox fluid..."

Mary has sufficient confidence: as long as the operation is accurate, vaccination with vaccinia will definitely bring sufficient immune protection.

Anyway, she also received modern compulsory education...Long live natural science!

It's just that, the human experiment to be done is obviously dangerous—even if Mary thinks it's not too dangerous, people in this era are definitely very afraid of this matter!

Therefore, it is necessary to recruit suitable volunteers for the test, and even have a guarantee money that can cover the bottom line.

Mary took pains.She first went to the Royal College of Physicians in London, found some doctors who liked her the most, and shared Flude's paperwork and her opinion draft. "Do you think such a plan is feasible?"

A physician doubted. "The situation of the milkmaid is really so special?"

Another doctor was surprised. "This phenomenon is interesting! I think it's best to investigate it on the spot to ensure its authenticity."

A physician worries. "Hippocrates once said: 'I give no poison to anyone, and I will never instruct others to use it'. I am afraid that it is contrary to common sense to graft the poisonous blisters of the sick to the healthy people..."

Another doctor was hyper. "I think it makes sense. It should be tested!

The last doctor struggled. "This is not witchcraft, is it?"

Mary has seen their attitudes, and she has a clue in her heart.

Soon after, she called a meeting of several important members of the Privy Council.She told them about Flude's revelation and her own plans to promote vaccinia.

As expected, the officials were in an uproar.And after Mary threw out "I don't reject being the first subject in history to be vaccinated with vaccinia", even the Duke of Norfolk, who had passed the gas in advance, was dumbfounded.

——Isn’t it just a matter of mobilizing financial allocations and finding a few death row prisoners for experiments?

The Archbishop of Canterbury made the cross on his chest and murmured, "It's just bold and arrogant."

The Archbishop of York's eyes lit up, and even admired the Earl of Derby next to him: "But in another sense, this is even more brave..."

The Earl of Derby bared his teeth. "Why do I think it's reckless? Woman, woman..."

The Archbishop of London stared intently at Mary. "If it really succeeds, that would be great...God bless the world, Amen."

Bacon, Minister of the Great Seal, turned his head to look at his colleagues thoughtfully. "William, what do you think?"

Cecil... was actually in a daze, not knowing how to hide his shock.

Once upon a time, like Elizabeth, he rejected Mary Stuart; once upon a time, he did not believe in this foreign regent at all.So far, however, the Protestants who conspired to capture England have governed diligently with a rationality and prudence comparable to Protestantism; the kingdom has continued to develop peacefully along the original track.

This woman who eludes him.She has ambitions and aspirations; but what she has done the most this year is to help civilians and solve diseases...

Those Catholics who boast of helping the world and saving people are not all hypocrisy.

The Holy See loves to create "saints".Cecil, a Calvinist, had long since rejected idolatry.But at this moment, he actually felt that Mary Stuart was emitting a special brilliance.

No, she was full of confidence, like a prophet in the Old Testament.Cecil stared at Mary, her red lips were opening and closing: "...This is definitely not witchcraft. You will see that this is a science that can be observed, rationally deduced, and worthy of in-depth exploration... If you insist on marveling, Call it a miracle. Please believe that the days of smallpox will eventually be a thing of the past!"

The author has something to say: [Note [-]] Let me tell you a bad joke. Knowledge is power. Francis Bacon.It is said that a fool heard it as "knowledge is power, French bacon".

"Technology does not improve only under the guidance of science, nor does science advance only motivated by technological needs."

Quoting from Volume Four of Cambridge Economic History of Europe.

The medical content of this chapter refers to "Story of Civilization 7", "Cambridge Medical History" and Du Niang Encyclopedia.

Montaigne has a very high status in the history of European literature, but he is very insignificant in our country...

For the introduction of Montaigne and Harvey in this chapter, please refer to "The Story of Civilization 7"

Harvey, born in 1578, studied at Cambridge University and served as the personal doctor of King James I and Charles I of England. In 1628, he published the famous medical work "Anatomical Experiments Concerning the Movement of Heart and Blood in Animals", which is known as "the first and greatest classic work in the history of British medicine".

In 1661, he published a treatise on embryology, coining the famous saying: "Every animal originates from an egg".

Robert Flood, who discovered the mystery of cowpox as early as the sixteenth century - from Durant's "Story of Civilization 7: The Age of Reason Begins".However, no relevant records have been found elsewhere, so the specific age and circumstances are unknown.Let the content here be fictional by the author...

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