[Comprehensive History] Clothes are all over the world

In terms of verbal skills, Zhu Biao is much better than the young Mu Xiaobai.

His Majesty the Emperor launched the art of mouth escape under the admiring eyes of his son. The officials of the Manchu Dynasty were caught off guard by a combination of punches, and they all bowed down under this coquettish operation. The autumn wind in front of Fengtian Hall was like a slap from yourself. , Many people's faces were slapped with burning pain.

The elimination rate of officials in the Hongwu Dynasty was the highest in history, and it was not stable until the Jianwen Dynasty. Therefore, there are quite a lot of young faces in the court. These young people are only a little emotional when they see their past handwriting, while the emotions of the veterans are more complicated. many.

It is easy to shout a slogan that does not change from the original intention, but it is easy to get the original intention, but it is always difficult to stick to it.How many people in the DPRK have not deviated from their current goals and past wishes?It is good that there is no deviation of one hundred and eight thousand miles.

Who can keep the original intention before fame and fortune?

Who can not let go of restraint in the short-term of the parents?

When you are young, you naturally don't care about your own body, and when you get older, who can not leave some blessings for their children and future generations?Who can resist the tearful eyes of the old benefactor at home and not show mercy?As long as people are alive, they naturally have weaknesses, and the more they go up, the number of people who will seize their weaknesses to seduce, threaten, and persuade will increase exponentially.

These people felt the most complicated when they saw the ambitions they wrote down several years ago. Zhu Biao saw all the expressions in the audience.

Whoever felt remorseful, ashamed and uneasy, who was high-spirited and proud, who had a frank expression and disapproved, all of them were recorded by him one by one.

As the eldest son of Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Biao, who was born in the chaos of war and grew up with gunfire, has never lacked decisive means of killing. It's just that he had an old man who cut the knife too fast, so most of the time Zhu Biao showed A gentle gesture.

But if you really think that he is kind-hearted and soft-hearted, then you are very wrong.

Zhu Biao lifted his eyelids slightly, and looked at his eldest son. His son's eyes were burning, and he was looking at everyone thoughtfully. Judging by his expression, he should be doing the same thing as him.

Zhu Biao couldn't help but smile slightly, filled with emotion in his heart.The son of his family, who could be easily picked up by him and put on his shoulders at that time, has really grown up.

His father named him Xiongying, although it doesn't sound good, it's true to a certain extent, Xiongying, Xiongying, is a falcon, it's easy to hit in the sky, now its wings are plump and its beak is getting sharper, it's easy to see blood.

In autumn, the imperial court ordered to mobilize hundreds of officials to solve the problem of winter entry for the people. Regardless of civil or military, civilian officials wear civilian clothes to enter the civilian population, military officers wear armor to enter the military camp, and compare the previously issued cold protection supplies and military pay.

If there are deficiencies and defects, people must be picked up.

Overnight, the whole country was shaken from top to bottom. When the people tremblingly opened the door and welcomed the officials in civilian clothes into the room, the military generals in the barracks stretched out their hands angrily, and tore open the cotton with only a thin sandwich. robe.

When the civil officer drilled a chisel into the rice bag to take a sample and found that it contained corrupted Chen Liang and was furious, the military officers were wearing the earmuffs issued by the military camp on their heads and praised them happily.

In short, the joys and sorrows of people are completely different. Some people inspected a circle and found that mistakes and omissions everywhere are evils. Some people found that the policies implemented by local officials are extremely superior and suitable for national promotion and sharing.

But no matter what it is, one thing cannot be avoided-writing memorials.

Whether it's someone who didn't control his temper and slashed someone with a knife, or someone who held back his temper and tied people up, or someone who happily got along with local officials, he had to write a situation statement to his boss, otherwise he would be the one who was unlucky.

And the result of such snowflake-like memorials pouring from all sides to Ying Tianfu was that they received a document form and instructions for filling that still smelled of ink.

The irascible His Royal Highness said that in the future, unless it is necessary, he must use a unified official document to finish the matter on a piece of paper.He was really fed up with these [-]-word memorials for business and [-] words for nothing!

When he read the memorial, he was looking for key points like panning for gold in the waves, reform, reform must be done.

Compared with his son's irritability, Zhu Biao was very calm, and told his son - in fact, Daming's current memorial is the result of improvement, and it was more lengthy before.

This is impossible!Mu Bai showed a skeptical and shocked expression. This is how many things have to write a few thousand characters. No, it should be said that with today's writing efficiency, it takes two or three hours to write a three thousand character calligraphy , the premise can’t be written wrong, once this page is written wrong, you have to overturn it and start over. If there are more words, will these officials still sleep?

Seeing that he didn't believe it, Zhu Biao smiled and called the servant to whisper a few words. After a while, a thick memorial book in a cloth bag, obviously sealed and stored, was sent to Mu Bai, "This is your grandfather Taizu. The ones received in the past are regarded as routine operations, let’s see?”

As soon as Mu Bai looked at the thickness of the memorial, he felt that something was wrong, he looked down at the small batch left when the memorial was sealed, "Hongwu Ninth Year, Head of the Ministry of Punishment, Ru Taisu."

Ministry of punishment?There shouldn't be a big deal in Hongwu's ninth year, right?Why can I write so thickly?Is it a file?

Mu Bai, who had a headache just reading the memorial, suddenly felt his head hurt even more, but under the eyes of his old father watching the show, he still gritted his teeth and pulled the thick memorial out of the cloth cover.

After reading the first page, his brows frowned slightly. On the second page, the corners of his mouth began to twitch. On the third page, the veins on his forehead began to throb. It was all nonsense, and it still used that magnificent and beautiful style. After reading three pages, he felt that he had been mentally polluted.

This kind of writing is like a sponge cake. It looks huge, but you can’t eat anything at all when you bite it down. Although some people like its soft taste, for those who want to eat a full stomach, it’s just a bite. lonely.

Mu Bai is the one who wants to be full but feels perfunctory. He endured it, and after turning a few pages quickly, he found that it was all in this style, and finally couldn't help but look up, looking at the old man for proof. Father: "This is really the memorial that Grandpa saw back then"

"It's absolutely true." Zhu Biao nodded with a grin, and added, "You are more patient than your grandfather. He read two pages and asked Zhongshulang to read it to him."

"There are more than [-] words in this memorial. Your imperial grandfather spent half a day listening to a third of it, but he couldn't understand the main point, so he felt that he was being fooled, so he dragged Naru Taisu down and beat him up. The next day when his anger subsided, he listened to the remaining two-thirds, only to realize that the essence of this memorial is in the second half."

Zhu Biao stretched out his hand, flipped back the memorial in his son's hand, reached the last few pages of the whole volume, and then motioned him to read the above book. part, these last few lines are crisp, precise, and to the point.

After all, this is a memorandum written decades ago. From today's perspective, most of the opinions on the work of the Criminal Ministry submitted by him have been implemented. Obviously, it is very feasible and operable. If only the second half, it is simply It is a full-score answer sheet for a capable official, but the problem is that the essence of the second half is only about [-] words.

So what are the [-] characters in front of me doing?Embarrassing the emperor or embarrassing yourself?Could this person be a counselor left over from the previous dynasty who wanted to use this method to piss off Emperor Hongwu?Considering Emperor Hongwu's violent temper and the workload when the country was first established, it is not impossible.

Seeing his son's expression getting more and more subtle, obviously thinking of something strange, Zhu Biao added: "Ru Taisu is the third year of Hongwu Juren, and he is like this every time he plays."

Good guy, really good guy, just a moment ago I was a little sympathetic to this guy who was beaten up just because he was too wordy No, unlike him, he is now thinking of throwing those snowflakes back in his hand for people to rewrite.

Zhu Biao was grinning as he watched his son change his face again and again, and then aggressively expressed that he wanted to reform and find a way to make the official documents more concise and straightforward, smiling very indulgently.

Under the situation that the people in power are conniving and positive, the new template of the official document was quickly distributed to the localities. Although some local officials frowned at the overly simple grid box and thought it was insulting, most workers said that This method is wonderful, and the most favorable comments are undoubtedly the grassroots workers.

Grassroots work is already busy, and except for a few who were relegated to the local government, most of the grassroots officials are educated to the point where they can say they have passed the provincial examination. There are also many military officers who were transferred or promoted by the local government , that is even more incapable of reading and writing.

In order to cope with the heavy document work on weekdays, they had to hire local scholars to retouch their pens. Now it seems that this part of the expenses can be saved at least now. The salary of Daming does not include the hiring of foreign aid, and less expenditure equals more money. a sum.

Therefore, under the rare unity of purpose, Daming's winter preparations are in full swing.

Relying on a large number of imports and local encouragement for many years, cotton is not a rare item nowadays. In addition to being used as raw materials for spinning, some leftovers or cotton that was crushed and soiled during transportation are filled into the interior. The lightness and warmth brought by the cotton robe almost shocked everyone who put it on.

This kind of robe was first supplied to the soldiers at the border, and it has gradually flowed into the people in the past two years. With the promotion and encouragement of many parties, basically every household now has one or two cotton-padded clothes.Some richer families even followed suit by stuffing cotton into the quilts and having thick quilts.

In fact, in addition to cotton clothes, the Ming government also promoted many heating methods when cotton was not available, such as using reed flower spikes or willow catkins, but catkins can only be collected in spring, and reed flowers can be found everywhere.

In addition, if you don't dislike it, don't throw away the feathers of chickens and ducks slaughtered during the Chinese New Year. Wash them, dry them, cut them into pieces, and stuff them into your clothes to keep warm. If you do this, there is a certain probability that you will get a smelly one. Clothes, well, but the warmth effect is still not enough.

Therefore, thanks to the efforts of all parties, today's Daming is indeed completely different from what it was more than ten years ago.

But this is not enough.

Mu Bai’s obsession with winter comes from the hard times when he fled with his younger brother. The whole family had only one set of warm clothes. In order not to catch cold, the younger brother had to be confined to a small bed all day and all night, eating and drinking. The days when Lazar won't even go to the ground, who really lives who knows.

During the study tour, he also heard that their home is considered good. Although Yunnan is located in a plateau area, the temperature in winter can drop below the snow line, but such coldness is nothing to true northerners. .

In most parts of Northeast China, even if they are a little richer, families who can eat a few bites of meat on weekdays will sleep in one bed to keep warm in winter.

Regardless of men, women, young or old, everyone huddled in one room, lit one or two charcoal pots, and then provided the clothes of the whole family to one person so that he could move in this cold winter without freezing to death.

At this moment, there is no defense between men and women, and there is no morality and shame. Their only goal is to survive this winter when they only need to be exposed to the air for an hour or two, and they can freeze to death.

This is the winter that belongs to the common people.

For the aristocrats and the rich, their biggest worry in winter may be thinking about whether to wear fox fur or mink, or whether to use plum blossoms or copper coins for this year's number nine pictures. What fun are they looking for in the long winter? , As long as they can survive, they have exhausted their best, and they don't have more energy to play and entertain.

Perhaps it is because of this not-so-good memory that Mu Bai, who has become a prince, cares so much about winter. He tries his best to make his citizens live more comfortably in this season.

Therefore, in addition to stabilizing the price of cotton and not allowing it to rise sharply in winter, Mubai also opened a source. He asked people to collect the remaining cinders and coal powder in various workshops, and added them to muddy water and slurry. , and then spread out into pieces of briquettes.

The price of this kind of briquette is slightly higher than that of firewood, but much lower than that of charcoal. Because of its high heat and low price, it is very popular among people with financial constraints.

Nowadays, all walks of life in Daming need coal as fuel, and cinders and coal powder will inevitably appear in the operation, and it is a waste to leave them at ordinary times, so it is the best of both worlds.

Don't think that this kind of briquette is not hot enough for industrial use, but it is excellent for heating and cooking for the people.Although it has a lot of smoke and dust, the price/performance ratio is nothing to say.

But what everyone didn't expect was that ordinary people could come up with more cost-effective fuel.

The briquettes are fragile. For the convenience of transportation, this kind of briquettes is sold by transporting the coal powder to the prefectures and counties, and the local staff will reconcile and dry them. The briquettes cannot be exposed to the sun and need to be ventilated. Therefore, local personnel Most of them chose to operate in an open place without walls. Over time, the method of adjusting briquettes was learned by the locals.

People immediately demanded to buy pulverized coal directly. They could make pancakes according to their own needs, and save some processing money. So all kinds of coal cakes with strange shapes came out of the oven.

In the process of using briquettes for heating, someone accidentally discovered that the cracked briquettes burned more vigorously, so they consciously punched a few holes in the middle when making briquettes, which can save materials and increase the intensity of the fire , can be said to serve multiple purposes.

This honeycomb-shaped briquette is cheap and easy to grab because it burns completely (the briquette is a little bit hard to grasp). Once it was invented, it was quickly promoted across the country, and it has now become a hot-selling product of the season, and even some are not bad. Many families also began to purchase this kind of honeycomb coal for cooking.

And this invention in turn touched the workshop. Nowadays, more and more workshop craftsmen who are more and more technical nerds have been inspired by the shape of honeycomb coal, and began to think about the mystery of flame combustion, and tried to use similar means to achieve The purpose of increasing the flame temperature.

But there is one thing hotter than briquettes.

That thing is—a sweater.

Led by the Crown Prince of the Ming Dynasty and led by noble ladies from various families, this raw material made of wool and cotton was spread throughout the north and south of the country with its warm and convenient weaving method in less than a winter.

Sweater weaving has existed since ancient times. At first, it was used to avoid wasting the livestock hair that was shaved and discarded when tanning leather. But in the later period, people discovered that the sweater woven from livestock hair is excellent in warmth retention. The only drawback is that it is a little prickly , so it is only popular in northern nomadic areas.

But now, merchants in Daming have launched completely different products.

The density of the sweater can be effectively controlled through different wool ratios and different thicknesses of bamboo needles. If it is combined with knitting techniques and dyeing, the rough sweater can also be turned into a warm and beautiful clothing material.

On this point, Zhu Yunxie, the third son of the emperor of Ming Dynasty, can stand up and speak out.

He is the prettiest boy in this winter wearing the Huangxiongaidi sweater!