[Comprehensive History] Clothes are all over the world

In traditional culture, the two seasons of summer and winter are called summer hibernation and winter hibernation, which means that people avoid going out in this bad weather and try to hide at home as much as possible.

But just hiding at home is really boring. After repairing the farm tools that may be used in spring one by one, and weaving straw mats, baskets and other things, the farmers who have nothing to do and just store food will inevitably feel a sense of urgency to sit and eat.

This kind of feeling forces people to find something to do, and at this moment, the matter of sweating immediately invaded people's daily life in a shining manner.

The raw materials are simple, the weaving method is convenient, and only two sticks are needed for raw material input. Is there anything more convenient than this production skill?

And most importantly, most of today's looms are built to weave slender silk. Although the gaps of looms have been slightly enlarged after cotton entered the market, the size is also limited. This kind of silk utensils For most farmers, it is an untouchable category, otherwise their rough, callused, barbed fingers will scrape all of them off if they just brush them lightly.

Not to mention the threads used for looms, even the knotting and piercing of ordinary sewing threads have to be operated by the relatively delicate little girl at home.

However, if you intend to spin thick wool, you don’t need to worry about this problem at all. The toughness of the yarn woven with composite materials has been effectively improved. tear off.

At best, you can touch it with your hands and pull out some fibers, but for a piece of clothing that is already fluffy, this is completely acceptable.

the most important is!

This convenient and low-cost knitting technique does not require too much craftsmanship, and the occasional wrong stitches and missed stitches will not bring too obvious effects. The clothes made are also very warm. It can be regarded as an income if it is sold as clothes after being made into clothes.

Could there be a better winter activity than this?

But the demands of the people put another wave of people under pressure.

There are several steps to go from raw cotton to clothing, and there are more than ten steps just before the loom, among which pressing seeds, pressing, spinning, threading, dyeing, etc. will consume a lot of time.

However, after Huang Daopo at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and many craftsmen improved the winch for squeezing cottonseed, the slingshot, the spinning wheel capable of spinning three spindles at the same time, and the large jacquard machine, the production speed and demand had reached a perfect balance.

Originally, this balance would be broken by the sewing machine invented in advance in the future, but considering the production speed and popularity of sewing machines, it would be a relatively long process, and no one thought that this process would be advanced.

The cotton thread required for sweaters is completely overlapped with the cotton thread required for weaving in the first half of the production process, and there are more parts mixed with wool thread. With the popularization of sweater knitting, the demand for cotton thread also placed on the table.

At first, the two sides could still make a gesture of hello and me, but as the weather got warmer and the market demand for wool did not decrease as the temperature rose, the gestures of the two parties gradually became hideous.

Just when Mu Bai insisted on squeezing out free time to play with his friends in the midst of his heavy business, he was fortunate enough to attend a tripartite meeting.

Mu Bai is very used to his physique that triggers events every time he goes out, and he has even become so proficient in turning passive into active.

I saw His Royal Highness put the star dish in the middle of the table - the thick soup made from the seasonal sturgeon into a bowl, poured the fragrant white rice, picked up a few chopsticks of vegetables, and then let his butt Moved, sat by the wall and began to eavesdrop while eating, the movements were so skillful that it made people feel distressed.

Ah, this is not good, is it?

Because the father inherited the position of native official and left the small group for several years, this year he was finally able to participate in group activities when he came to Beijing to report on his duties. Mutu was shocked. How long has he been away? Would you do something like eavesdropping?

"Don't worry, it's not that His Highness is going to listen, but if you don't go, all kinds of accidents will happen, and you don't want to have a good meal and fight next door." Just returned from a business trip in Hainan, tanned like black charcoal One of his little friends patted him on the shoulder to comfort him, and then he did the same thing, picked up the small bowl and sat by the wall, occupying the best eavesdropping seat.

I can't blame them for being too obscene, but this matter is really mysterious. As long as they come out to party, there will always be big and small things happening. No matter whether they go to inquire about it or not, things will always come to them.

It would be fine if they listened consciously, but if they put on a posture of not caring about everything, then it wouldn't take long for all kinds of weird things to happen.

In these years, they have encountered various situations such as fighting next door and smashing the wall down, the suffering master ran in by the wrong door, rushed in to seek their judgment, and so on.

Everyone has also tried, but they all gave up after putting the meeting place in a painting boat, which almost caused the boat to capsize.

"It's probably destined that His Highness the Crown Prince must take care of these things." To some extent, the superstitious students lamented that this kind of incident will happen when they go out, and after solving it, they will discover the shortcomings of the court and improve the incident miraculously. Just like a script, it is the setting of a generation of Mingjun. As courtiers and assistant ministers of His Royal Highness, they will naturally not reject this special situation, and are even happy to see it come true.

Mingjun always complements famous ministers.

Mutu hesitated for a while, and finally joined the queue with a bowl in his hand. He also secretly poked and squatted down closer to the wall. Fortunately, they had already served the dishes at this moment. Walking in, it is estimated that Mu Bai and others will never step into this restaurant for the second time in this lifetime.

But in fact, they don't need to be like this, because the next door is probably very angry, and the voice is already so loud that there is no need to stick to the wall to listen.

Different from the unfathomable business wars that everyone thinks, the conversations of the businessmen next door are very simple from the beginning to the end. The summary is——

The weaver played the emotional card and said to the spinning merchant: We have cooperated for so many years, and our relationship is higher than the mountains and deeper than the sea.

The wool merchant said: Our goods are shipped quickly, so our payment is also fast.

A vein popped up on the weaver's forehead, and he continued to play the emotional card: the market was not good in such and such a year, you see, we didn't lower the price either.

The wool merchant waved the bills: We pay fast!

Weavers patted the table: Our industry is stable. Clothes are shipped all year round, and sweaters only last one winter. Who knows how long this thing will last.

The wool merchant also patted the table: sweaters are indeed only worn in winter, but they have to be hand-knitted in the other three seasons!In addition to sweaters, there are woolen pants, woolen socks, woolen hats, woolen scarves, woolen gloves, as long as you want my sweaters can do it, this is a new industry, does it mean that the market is empty, no one Will the market not be saturated for a few years?

Weaving merchants are not to be outdone: our market is huge!We can still sell to Gentiles.

The wool merchant is tyrannical: We are new to the industry, you are the setting sun and we are the rising sun!And we can also sell to Gentiles.Ah, seeing that the business competition next door has developed into an elementary school chicken quarrel, Mu Bai and the others looked at each other for a moment, and then moved back to their original positions. Everyone's expressions were relatively relaxed, and compared with the previous few times, they could more or less be involved behind the scenes. The incident of major social issues is just a mere commercial dispute this time, and basically it is not a big deal.

"The Ministry of Industry has been trying its best to improve the many machines left by Mother Huang in the past six months. They asked for another sum of money a few days ago, and it should be fruitful." Seeing Mu Bai looking at him, Jian Rong He stepped forward and said: "It's just that your Highness, the price of the rewards offered by the people is a little inflated. The ministers and others have discovered that folk craftsmen have the phenomenon of receiving rewards for their products in different stages, but I don't know whether to curb this trend..."

"Receipt in stages?" Mu Bai reacted slightly when he heard this sentence, and was a little dumbfounded: "It means that this person has repeatedly improved his products? What has he changed?"

"Yes." Jian Rong promised: "This man's name is Tao Ji, the son of Tao Chengdao. Half a year ago, the improved gunpowder ratio on his tribute was tested in the workshop. The effect is indeed better than today, so he rewarded him ten dollars." Five ingots, two months later, he sent another prescription that was better than the previous one, and received fifteen gold ingots, who would have sent another prescription a few days ago..."

"Tao Chengdao..." Mu Bai dug out the name from his memory at the sound of the quarrel next door, and immediately revealed a look of astonishment. The one who rockets into space?"

"Return to Your Highness, it is this person."

Mu Bai suddenly sighed a little: "It turns out that he is his son... that can be regarded as inheriting his father's career."

Speaking of Tao Chengdao, he is also a strange person.

This person was born Tao Guangyi, who was the head of Yiwu City at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. He was full of knowledge but not very interested in Confucianism and Taoism. , Maybe it was because the fryer was too much, so this person turned his interest to the art of explosion, and began to delve into gunpowder.

In the 18th year of Zhengzheng, after Zhu Yuanzhang captured Wuzhou Road, his hometown, this person and his apprentices presented their advanced skills in gunpowder to help Emperor Hongwu win the world. Later, Emperor Hongwu gave him the name "Become Tao" to wish him an early date. Fulfilling his wish, because of his talents, he rose all the way to the Minister of the Ministry of War in the early years of Hongwu, but later Xu felt that the road to politics affected his speed of invention, so he resigned from office in the middle of Hongwu to concentrate on research at home.

Originally, such a person would be a secret hero for the rest of his life under the intentional concealment of the country, and his existence would only be discovered when future generations read the history books, but geniuses are always unwilling to be lonely. Five years ago, this old Mr. Tao A great event was made, and his name spread all over the world-he was determined to conquer the sky.

Just like all ancestors who yearned for the sky, the old man was also full of fantasies about how to go to heaven.

He got inspiration from the paper kite, and thought that as long as he sent himself to a certain height, he could soar in the air with the help of the wind like a paper kite, so he sat on a flying car with 47 rockets tied to a huge paper kite, trying to use The propulsive force of the rocket when it ignited sent him high into the sky.

He did indeed succeed, the first batch of rockets launched did send him to a high place, but under the watchful eyes of everyone, the rest of the rockets ignited by themselves, and the fire quickly spread to the paper kite, and finally this is the first time for human beings to conquer high altitudes. The experiment ended with the old man being buried on Wanjia Mountain. Although he failed, he left the dream and possibility of heaven in the hearts of others.

After hearing the news of his death, Mu Bai regretted for a long time, and sighed why he did not recognize him earlier. Although he was blocked from a lot of modern scientific knowledge, at least he knew that the correct flying action is to fly with wings flat instead of straight up to the sky. ah.

Of course, there is no problem with going to the sky. There are various rockets going to the sky in the modern news, but the problem is that rockets can’t get down.And people's rockets are iron-clad meat, how can the old man be so meat-clad and iron-clad.

It's just a pity that if he misses it, he still misses it. He can only ask someone to send a stick of fragrance to pay homage to this old man who still has such boldness, daring to think and dare to try in this era.

"...In this way, as long as he sends improvements, you will reward him with silver, and if it is difficult to say anything about the father, you can go to my private treasury." Mu Bai pondered for a moment and shook his head with a smile: "Yizhi, face For talented people who are good at inventing, we are not afraid that they have too many ideas, but we are afraid that they don’t have enough ideas. It is a good thing to encourage them more, because there are many talents among the people.”

Jian Rong didn't know that he was sighing in his heart, and after getting an affirmative answer, he agreed to the promise. The next door was noisy, and there was really no interest in chatting. Just as everyone was about to check out and leave, they heard a loud crackling noise next door. Everyone immediately judged that someone had flipped the table.

Mu Bai's little friends immediately guarded him very skillfully, protecting him from possible accidents such as broken walls, collapsed screens, and broken glass. After the loud noise, it was calm.

I only heard a deep bass growl, "Why don't you just go out and have a fight, whoever wins will listen to whoever wins? It's so annoying to have a fight, and I haven't made any point after talking for a long time. I think of a way." Put you both on the line!"

"Don't you just want thread? I'm going to find more people, or find craftsmen to make more Huangpo machines, but let's talk about it, don't wait for me to make the thread, you can't eat it, if you can't eat it , I stuff the thread into your mouths!"

The third party who had been silent all this time turned out to be a grumpy old man.

Mu Bai blinked, and noticed a brand new noun, he turned his head to look at the people beside him: "Huang Poji... what is it?"

The author has something to say: Tao Chengdao has such a person, but this story is a little controversial.

The story of Feitian is not recorded in Chinese classics, but from the West. Westerners say that there was such a person in China at the beginning of the 1th century, and they called him "World Aviation No. [-]", and he was still on the moon. He named a crater on the far side of the moon after him, but that name was "WanHoo"

After this story spread to China, Chinese people couldn’t find any related stories. The translation of “WanHoo” should be Wanhu, but the military position of Wanhu didn’t exist in the Ming Dynasty. I found Tao Chengdao in various records, and in terms of time, identity, and experience, I think it is more likely to be him.

However, there is still no explanation for the question of Wanhu. It can only be said that the administrative agency of the Yuan Dynasty may have been used for a period of time in the early Ming Dynasty?After all, Tao Chengdao was still in the Yuan Dynasty when he offered his firearms. At that time, Emperor Hongwu was a small leader of the rebel forces. It is not impossible to seal up Wanhu with his rhetoric (PS, Wanhu’s level is almost the highest local chief executive) So in theory, if there were such ten thousand households, history should not be completely unrecorded.

Or it may be that the reputation of this gunpowder genius was deliberately hidden by the court, but the foreign businessman who came to Daming in the early Ming Dynasty witnessed this incident. It is impossible for a foreigner to give a big name to China. It is not theirs. Style==

There is an allusion to this incident called "Wanhu Feitian". The truth of the matter may need to be confirmed by archaeological data, but to be honest, there are quite a few people in China who challenged the sky, but most of them did not leave their names.

Fortunately, their spirit has never been broken.

shock!The reason why Xiaobai's mission failed was not because of knitting sweaters! !Sweaters really existed in ancient times!It is not a modern product, but our ancestors gave up the sweater in the temptation.

The reason is very simple. Whether it is efficiency or finished products, woven fabrics are much more convenient than knitted sweaters. The speed and efficiency are not the same concept, especially after the invention of the jacquard machine. As long as the order is followed, Xiaobai Can weave stable patterns, and ordinary coarse cloth without patterns is more efficient.

When looms were not popular, wool was expensive, domestic sheep were goats, and goat hair was hard, so it was okay to make felts and mats, but it took 3 minutes to make clothes and wear them on the skin, and everyone should have experience. Sweaters Once the product is hooked, a large piece will be torn off, but if the ordinary fabric is broken, it can still maintain a stable shape, which is one of the differences between knitting and woven.

And when there is cotton, because of the low efficiency of spinning technology, cotton thread and woolen thread compete with each other for the market. Compared with woolen thread, cotton thread must be chosen, so sweater is a little unpopular.

So it's not that we didn't invent the sweater, it's that we have better ones and there's no need to choose this one.