Stone Era: Restarting Civilization

Amber doesn't know how to use chopsticks, and usually eats with her hands when eating.

Seeing everyone around eating with two wooden sticks, she learned it in a decent way, but she seemed very unfamiliar.

Pan Changgong asked Chiba Xihe to get a knife and fork for Amber.

After Amber ate those dishes, she almost cried, the food was so delicious, there was no comparison with the food she usually handled simply.

After lunch, Amber bid farewell to Pan Changgong.

"Master Pan, thank you for your hospitality, it really opened my eyes, but I have to go back now."

Pan Changgong: "Amber, there is a distance from here to the village you mentioned, you can stay here and go back tomorrow morning"

Amber shook her head: "No, this time, I have a mission. I need to go to the foot of the mountain to collect hot springs, and then bring them back to the village. My sister suffers from illness all year round, and the hot spring water can help her."

Pan Changgong: "Since that's the case, I won't keep you any longer. You are always welcome to be our guest."

Pan Changgong has a very good impression of Amber. Apart from being pretty, Amber has a brave personality and a pure personality, which is rarely seen in the indifferent modern society.

"Pan Changgong, if we want to make iron, we must build a furnace besides iron ore." Ishigami Senkuu came over suddenly and interrupted Pan Changgong's thinking.

The best material for building a furnace is clay, because clay is easy to shape, and after heat treatment, it is very hard and has a very high melting point. Its chemical name is silicon aluminum hydrochloric acid.

In fact, even if Ishigami Senkuu doesn't say it, Pan Changgong is going to build a furnace.

Pan Changgong had been thinking about building a house before, and now all houses use bricks.

The process of making bricks is to put clay into a mold and fill it into a prescribed shape.

Then put it in the furnace and burn it to turn the clay into bricks. Using this material to build a house is more resistant to water and fire.

Clay is located below the topsoil and is widely distributed in the Land of the Rising Sun.

Pan Changgong immediately arranged for people to dig out the clay. After digging out, some people used clay to shape and started to build the furnace, and some people were responsible for filling clay into wooden square molds, shaping them, and preparing to make bricks.

Because of the large number of people, a large melting pot made of clay was completed before sunset.

The next day, Pan Changgong ordered his men to start burning bricks.

He went out again with a dozen people, and before he left, he specially ordered Chiba Xihe to put Ishigami Senkuu in prison to prevent him from escaping.

As for Shishio Tsukasa, he can't get out of bed because of a broken bone, otherwise, Pan Changgong wouldn't just go out like this.

Although Shishio Tsukasa is not as strong as himself, Pan Changgong can also feel that his strength is stronger than most Common people.

This time I went out to collect iron ore and limestone.

Fortunately, both of these things exist nearby.

Iron ore is used to make iron. Needless to say, limestone is an important part of building materials.

After sand and water are mixed into the slaked lime, it will become mortar. After the bricks are fired, if you want to use bricks to build walls, you need to use mortar to bind them together and act as glue.

Sand and various fibrous materials from animals or plants are mixed into slaked lime to form plaster, which can be used to smooth uneven brick and mortar walls.

If you mix slaked lime with pozzolan ash it will form cement.

Cement sets faster than mortar and is harder after setting.

If you then mix cement and stones together, it will form concrete.

After Pan Changgong mined slaked lime, everything except cement and concrete had to be produced. Although cement has its own benefits, it is more complicated to produce, and it needs to go to Futu Mountain to collect volcanic ash.

And even after it is made, cement can only be used as a glue to bond bricks like lime mortar.

Cement is very weak in tension, so cement is not suitable for building floors unless steel bars are embedded in the cement.

But in today's conditions, it is too extravagant to use precious iron to make steel bars, so there is no need to specially make cement.

On the other hand, Ishigami Senkuu is not idle either.

If you want to extract iron from iron ore wrapped in various impurities, you need to burn it at high temperature. Metals are more resistant to high temperatures than other elements, and they will be left to the end during the combustion process.

The most suitable fuel for burning is charcoal.

Ishigami Senkuu sent people to fetch the charcoal and spread it layer by layer on the bottom of the furnace.

When the limestone and iron ore are transported, they should be broken up as much as possible and spread on top of the charcoal. The role of the limestone is to act as a flux.

It took more than half a day to get enough limestone and iron ore, and everyone threw all the limestone and iron ore into the furnace according to Ishigami Senkuu's instructions.

However, because the structure of the furnace produced is relatively simple and primitive, the burning temperature is limited.

The refined iron ore was not shaped directly, but turned into a pitch-black surface with pits and pits, like a sponge.

Pan Changgong had expected this situation a long time ago, but because it takes a lot of effort to build a better furnace, and it is not used to make weapons and the like, it is more than enough to make iron farm tools and burn bricks

Due to the limitation of the temperature of the furnace, the iron ore produced by firing still has a lot of impurities, and the surface is bumpy. It is definitely not possible to use it directly, and it needs some special treatment. Pan Changgong knew what to do next, but he pretended not to know and looked at Ishigami Senkuu.

Ishigami Senkuu raised the corners of his mouth and said with great air: "This kind of iron block like SpongeBob SquarePants cannot be used directly. It needs to be beaten to get out as much slag as possible. It is best to mix a little charcoal and then burn it. Once, and then beat again, the more you repeat the process, the stronger the iron will be, and the iron used for agricultural tools, it is enough to repeat it twice.”

Blacksmithing is a very laborious task, and women cannot do it, so Pan Changgong can only do it himself.

It's quite troublesome to think about it this way. As his position became more and more consolidated, Pan Changgong felt that he could revive some men appropriately.

However, shortly after, Pan Changgong dismissed the idea after looking at Shishio Tsukasa who had fully recovered. In a lion pride, there is usually only one male lion, and the others are female lions.

Pan Changgong wanted to imitate the lion pride and become the only male lion in the pride.

Shishio Tsukasa is known as the strongest primate, with great strength, and is a good seed for blacksmithing.

In order to prevent him from escaping, Pan Changgong personally forged a pair of iron cuffs for him.

After the popularization of iron tools in Pan Changgong's camp, it really saved a lot of trouble for those women whose strength and stamina were at a disadvantage.

With the advent of bricks and lime products, many sturdy and beautiful houses were built in a short period of time in Pan Changgong's camp.

In the following days, Amber came over occasionally, and every time she could see the different changes in the Pan Changgong camp, she was so shocked that she became numb.

After getting along for many days, Pan Changgong discovered that Ishigami Senkuu is indeed a talent. Although he is not as good as himself in the breadth of knowledge, it is normal for the precision and breadth of knowledge to be inferior to him, because he is an old monster who has lived for a thousand years.

Accuracy is stronger than myself, obviously Ishigami Senkuu's ability to understand knowledge is better than himself.

Ishigami Senkuu was also shocked by Pan Changgong. In the field of IQ and science, he thought he had no rivals, but Pan Changgong knew a lot, not only in the field of agriculture.

Pan Changgong actually knew all the technical terms that Ishigami Senkuu said sometimes.

Pan Changgong was wary of Ishigami Senkuu, but the arrival of Ishigami Senkuu did provide him with many useful things.

After agriculture has also entered modern industrialization, the food produced per mu of land is four times more than before industrialization.

This was possible only because of the advent of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

However, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are all synthesized from fossil fuels. After 3,000 years, the oil that humans have dug out and placed on the surface has long since dried up.

In order to regain fossil fuels, it is necessary to find oil extraction points for excavation again.

Ignoring the excavation technology, there may be oil underground in the Land of the Rising Sun, but there are no oil exploration points, because the amount of oil in the Land of the Rising Sun is very small, and there is no economic value for mining.

Pan Changgong doesn't know where there is oil in the Land of the Rising Sun, so has he considered making pesticides and fertilizers to increase land production?

In this case, the most suitable is the ancient traditional farming methods.

Among traditional fertilizers, rice fields can provide nitrogen to the soil. In the soil, the three most useful elements for plants are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

The chemical name of the biological bone is "calcium phosphate", so the essential phosphorus element of the soil can be extracted from the bone.

Instead of just throwing the bones into the soil, the animal bones are first crushed to make bone meal, which is then scattered on the fields.

There is another more efficient way, which Ishigami Senkuu told you, but the configuration is more troublesome. Mixing bone meal and sulfuric acid will cause a chemical reaction to turn into phosphate. Phosphate is more easily absorbed by plants than calcium phosphate.

As for potassium, which can be extracted from wood ashes, a series of complex chemical reactions are required to produce oxalic acid. This process is very complicated, and there is no basis for it to be produced yet.

Natural potassium is mostly concentrated in some specific rocks or certain minerals.

If you have not studied geological exploration, most people will not recognize it, even if it is Senkuu, the ores that Senkuu knows are relatively common, and Pan Changgong has read related books.

Using these three more traditional fertilizer production methods, although the effect is not as strong as industrial chemical fertilizers, they can play a great role in the transitional period of civilization.

On this day, Amber ran over again, but her face was very anxious. After finding Pan Changgong, Amber said anxiously: "Master Pan, I know you are very powerful, can you save my sister?"

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