i have a small world
Chapter 1610 The Secret
In history, the pursuit of immortality by the emperors was not completely fruitless, and there were still some emperors whose lifespan was increased because of this. Among these emperors, the most representative emperor was Emperor Qianlong.
Qing Gaozong Aixinjueluo Hongli (September 1711, 9-February 25, 1799), the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the fourth emperor after entering the customs.The year name "Qianlong" means "heavenly prosperity". He ascended the throne at the age of 2 and reigned for 7 years. After the Zen throne, he served as the Supreme Emperor for another three years and four months. He actually exercised the highest power of the country for 25 years and four months. He was the emperor who actually held the highest power of the country for the longest time in Chinese history. , and the longest-lived emperor in Chinese history.
During the reign of Hongli, the Qing Dynasty reached its highest peak since the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong, and Sinology developed greatly during this period.Hongli was a well-known emperor in the late feudal society of China.On the basis of the cultural and martial arts of the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, he further completed the unification of the multi-ethnic country, and the social economy and culture have further developed.
Hongli attached great importance to social stability and cared for the people affected by the disaster. During his reign, he exempted the world's money and grain for five times, and exempted grain for three times in eight provinces, which reduced the burden on farmers. He also paid attention to water conservancy construction, which played a role in protecting agricultural production. increasingly enriched.
Hongli's martial arts flourished, and he made great achievements in quelling the rebellion in the border areas, maintained the unity of the country and expanded the territory, and perfected the rule of Tibet, occupied Xinjiang, and officially included Xinjiang in the territory of China. This maximizes it.
During the reign of Hongli, folk art developed greatly, such as Peking Opera, which was formed in the reign of Qianlong.But in the later period of his reign, he was extravagant.The administration of officials has been corrupted, and uprisings broke out in many places.And the closed-door policy has also reached the highest level.This widened the gap with the West and brought about a crisis in the Qing Dynasty's rule.The wind of literary inquisition is more severe than that of Kangxi and Yongzheng.
Emperor Qianlong quelled the Junggar rebellion twice during his lifetime.Huibu rebellion once, Jinchuan rebellion twice, Taiwan people's uprising led by Lin Shuangwen was suppressed once, Gurkha (Nepal) was fought twice, Burma and Annan (Vietnam today) were fought once each, and all of them ended up with warring neighbors. It ends when the country pays tribute.
Emperor Qianlong was full of arrogance and pride, boasting of "Shiquan martial arts", and called himself "Shiquan old man" and "Shiquan".It means flawless.
However, one of Qianlong's most proud titles was "Ancient Son of Heaven", so that the seal of "Ancient Rare Son of Heaven" was Qianlong's most proud imperial treasure in his later years.Because Qianlong believed that the Qing Empire "gained the righteousness of the country, expanded the land, made the subjects popular, and the people's peace" were all his achievements.
How did the title "Ancient Son of Heaven" come about?It turned out that in the 45th year of Qianlong (1780), on the [-]th birthday of Emperor Qianlong, Peng Yuanrui, Minister of the Ministry of Industry, made a memorial titled "Nine Songs of Ancient Rare", flattering Qianlong, which quoted Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, "The Seventh Day of Life" "Ten ancient rare" poems, praising Emperor Qianlong as "ancient and rare emperor".
Emperor Qianlong appreciated it very much.He believes that "the intention is new and the words are elegant", there have been several emperors over the age of [-] in Chinese history, but their performance cannot be compared with myself.
He wrote an "Ancient Legend" for this purpose:
Yu Yi ascended to the seventh rank this year because he used Du Fu's sentences.Engraving "The Treasure of the Ancient and Rare Son of Heaven"... For the above three generations, there are only six people who have ascended to the ancient rarity for the son of heaven.I have seen it recently.The perfect husband wins the righteousness of the country and protects the land.The popularity of surrender, the peace of the common people.Although it is not big, it can be described as well-off.
Moreover, those who subjugated the country in the previous dynasties were called strong vassals, foreign invaders, powerful ministers, foreign relatives, daughters, eunuchs, traitors, and sycophants. There is no such thing as today.That is to say, the six ancient emperors, the second ancestors of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, were the kings of entrepreneurship.The other four emperors are not enough to be the law, and how can their politics at that time be like today?It's just old and rare...
For Emperor Qianlong, it was true that his political achievements were remarkable and he made great contributions. However, from the perspective of the later period of Qianlong, politics began to become corrupt. When Emperor Jiaqing came to the throne, the treasury was empty and the people were destitute.
But as far as Qianlong's longevity is concerned, the word "ancient and rare" is well-deserved.Among the more than 230 emperors in Chinese history, more were short-lived than long-lived, and only Emperor Qianlong lived to the age of 89. He experienced the four dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, and Jiaqing, and enjoyed seven generations under the same roof. family happiness.
He died in the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799) at the age of 89.The temple name is Gaozong, the posthumous name is Fatian, Longyun, Zhicheng, Xianjue, Tiyuan, Jifu, Wenfen, Wuqin, Ming, filial piety, holy and pure emperor.Buried in Yuling of the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty.
There is a saying: "It is difficult to be an emperor, it is difficult to be a good emperor, and it is even more difficult to be a good emperor with a long life!" But Emperor Qianlong did it!
In China's thousands of years of imperial history, the top three Chinese emperor longevity rankings are: No.3—the Empress Wu Zetian, who died at the age of 82; No.2—Liang Wudi Xiao Yan during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, who lived to be 86 years old ; No.1——Emperor Qianlong, aged 89, is the longest-lived emperor in Chinese history.
Qianlong put it now, that is the standard hero image in stallion novels.
Known as the "Merry Emperor", Qianlong created some of the most ancient records.
For example, if counted by the number of years he actually ruled the country, Qianlong may be the best in the world; another example is that he loves to write poems. Although the quality is really unsatisfactory and lacks poetic flavor, he wins by quantity, and he is the person who wrote the most poems in ancient times. He wrote nearly 2200 poems in his life, surpassing the sum of more than 89 poets in "All Tang Poems". , never had a serious illness, it can be said that he died without a disease.
Therefore, many people envy Qianlong as a rare lucky monarch in ancient and modern times. He was smart since he was a child, and he was deeply loved by Kangxi and Yongzheng. They are all enjoying life: they like reciting poetry and composition, love calligraphy, painting, music, drinking tea, have the temperament of an artist, and love to travel.Six trips to the south of the Yangtze River, five visits to Mount Wutai.Climb Mount Tai three times.Qianlong was also skilled in bowing and horses, and loved hunting.He often competes with the military officer in archery, and even likes various ice sports... He is really the darling of heaven.
Thanks to all kinds of dog blood palace TV dramas, everyone now knows that Emperor Qianlong is quite good-looking.Not only did he own the Sangong and Liuyuan, where the beauties in the palace were like clouds and there were many beauties, but also left countless romantic and fragrant historical legends in his six visits to the south of the Yangtze River; in his later years, the romantic legend between him and a beautiful concubine Xiang from a different race made future generations appreciate him. No one in the world can match her flair and lust.
In "Joking about Qianlong", a story is replaced by a woman; in "My Fair Princess", this wretched old man almost even let his illegitimate daughter go.Calling him a lewd-ghost is not wronging him.
On the other hand, Qianlong was also a well-known longevity emperor.
As the saying goes, wine is poison that pierces the intestines, and sex is a steel knife that scrapes bones.Many people are wondering, just this standard stallion, why can he live so long?This is not scientific!
In fact, Qianlong himself paid great attention to self-cultivation.
We know that many people in history became addicted after becoming emperors.I just want to keep doing it forever, in order to seek the secret of longevity, make alchemy and take medicine, and seek the way of Buddha.There are not a few people who kill themselves for this.But Qianlong did not follow their old path. He did not believe in longevity, but he actively laid the foundation for longevity.
why is that?the reason is simple.That is the lesson from the past.
Interesting to say, Qianlong's father, Yongzheng, wanted to live a long life.Wantonly invited experts from all walks of life to seek the formula of immortality.I don't know how many golden pills he took, but he died early, not yet 60 years old. Although the cause of death is full of fog, a more credible speculation is that he died of poisoning after taking golden pills.
However, Emperor Qianlong, having witnessed Yongzheng's futile pursuit of longevity and learned a lesson, had no interest in alchemy, etc., and ordered the expulsion of the alchemists summoned by Yongzheng at the beginning of his ascension, let alone taking food, but instead gained longevity. .
Why did Emperor Qianlong enjoy a long life alone?Relevant experts found that Emperor Qianlong had a set of health preservation secrets.
It turned out that when Qianlong was the prince, he admired his grandfather Emperor Kangxi the most. Emperor Kangxi ascended to the throne at the age of 8, became emperor for 61 years, and lived to be 69 years old. He was a relatively long-lived emperor in the Qing Dynasty.
Kangxi divided the way of keeping in good health into two aspects: nourishing the body and nourishing the mind (or called nourishing the spirit and nourishing the nature).
Cultivation of health refers to diet, prudent daily life, smoking cessation, alcohol abstinence, abstinence from greed, proper exercise, hard work, restraint, and a life of indifference.
Cultivating the mind refers to spiritual life such as literature and art, morality, thought, and character.
Emperor Kangxi's incisive opinion on health maintenance is: "Food and drink, and daily life is a good prescription for disease." "Food diet", "If the body is slightly unwell, you should reduce your diet", and "depending on the cause of the disease, calmly adjust, eat in a certain amount, so as to increase blood energy."And for example, some old people "give too much food and drink, but take all kinds of tonics, which can hardly replenish qi and blood to make people full", so it is not advisable.
"Don't eat too much of what you like, and choose the one that suits you." "Prudent living" means paying attention to hygiene, not being greedy for coolness in summer, and adding clothes first in winter.
"When a person is clean on weekdays, his body will be covered with clear air. If he is close to being dirty, he will be contaminated by turbid air, and the clear air will gradually be deceived."
"When I was in the heat of the summer moon, I didn't open the windows or take in the cool wind. It was because I was used to it when I was young, and I also calmed down my mind, so my body didn't feel hot. This is what the ancients said that if you can calm your mind, your body will be cool. And Xiayue doesn't want to be cool. , It is also very beneficial to the body. Covering the summer moon and the full shade, if you take the comfort of the cool breeze for a while, instead of closing the heat on the skin, you will not feel the harm at that time, and you may become sick later. Every time you see people (in late autumn) there are many Disorders in the stomach and abdomen are all caused by the greedy wind and cold outside and the hot summer heat inside."
"If you usually live at home and occasionally go out, and you feel cold suddenly, you should always take precautions", "If it is not (to) cold, add more clothes", "I Dongyue's clothes are too thick, but I don't use a stove. Therefore, if this is the case, the cover should be close With a fire (furnace), the clothes must be thinner, and you will feel cold when you go out. Instead of wearing more clothes when you feel cold, why not wear clothes before the cold?"
"Abstain from alcohol and smoking", "I don't like drinking since I was a child, but I can drink without drinking", "It is a person who does not drink out of sincerity", "Mostly addicted to alcohol, the mind will be confused and confused, or cause disease, It is not something that is beneficial to people." "He likes to drink wine, enjoys it endlessly, and his mind is constantly in a frenzy, so that his body and bones are turned upside down, and etiquette and law are lost. This is a failure of virtue. How can we say it?"
"Abstain from being greedy, pay more attention to restraint", Confucius said, "Old age has weakened blood, and the abstinence lies in gaining it." , then you can raise blessings, then you can prolong life", "A gentleman dare not be lazy in cultivation, dare not indulge in desires, dare not indulge in festivals and music, dare not be extravagant in cherishing blessings, and dare not be arrogant in keeping his points."
Kangxi also said, "The sage regards labor as a blessing, and ease as a disaster. Xunzi said, work hard and feel at ease. I say, 'People work hard and know ease. I can't bear it'".
Cultivating the mind refers to "learning the six arts, reading more books" and so on.
"If a person concentrates on one art and one skill, the heart will not be distracted, and it will be beneficial to the body. As far as I can tell, the people of the Ming Dynasty and the elders of our country, those who are good at calligraphy all live in good health. They can also paint Han people or make utensils. Craftsmen, those who are extremely skillful, all live to seventy or eighty, have a strong body, and their paintings are as usual." "I have been fond of books since I was a child, but when I am in a hurry this year, I must write a few lines without interruption for a day. Therefore, it has not been abandoned." "If you read more, you will lose your appetite. If your appetite is light, you will save money. If you save money, you will have less demand. If you have less demand, you will have a higher reputation."
"People in modern times regard not eating meat as fasting. How do you know that the fasting of the ancients must go hand in hand with precepts?" ".
Emperor Kangxi also loved handicrafts.Kangxi's cultivation of mind involves rich content, profound meaning, and noble intentions, which had a profound influence on the later generations of Qianlong, so that when Qianlong visited Emperor Kangxi's mausoleum 26 times, he left a large number of commemorative verses, expressing Emperor Qianlong's life. The lifelong memory and admiration of his grandfather, Emperor Kangxi, who was famous for his martial arts and martial arts.
Among them, Emperor Qianlong, who was 1796 years old in the first year of Jiaqing (85), wrote in the poem "Greetings to Jingling":
It was sixty years ago yesterday, and now it is passed on with my son.
Unable to decide on me, I deeply feel that it is bestowed by God.
The ancestors are blessed with super training, and the new Yin Bing and Yuan.
After nine worships in Minglou, I feel sad and appreciative of Xin Ran.
Based on his own personal experience, Emperor Qianlong improved on his grandfather Emperor Kangxi's longevity experience, and thus summed up his own sixteen-character mantra for health preservation: "breathe the lungs and lungs, exercise the muscles and bones, make ten constants and four don'ts, and nourish at the right time".
The seemingly simple sixteen characters succinctly summarize the general content of his health-preserving practice.
"Spitting out viscera, mobilizing muscles and bones" and "timely tonic" are both relatively easy to understand, and the content can be inferred from the words, while "Ten Constants and Four Don'ts" seems a bit confusing, but in fact they are all common in traditional health preservation health regimen.
The so-called "Ten Constants" refers to ten health-preserving methods, including "Knocking the teeth frequently, swallowing the fluid frequently, bouncing the ears frequently, rubbing the nose frequently, moving the eyes frequently, rubbing the face frequently, rubbing the feet frequently, smoothing the abdomen frequently, stretching the limbs frequently, The anus is often lifted"; "four don'ts" refer to the four health precepts of "don't talk when eating, don't talk when lying down, don't get drunk when drinking, and don't get lost in sex".
Of course, the "Ten Constants and Four Don'ts" were certainly not invented by Qianlong. These are the experiences summed up by the health experts of the past dynasties. For example, the "Thirteen Methods of Health Preservation" invented by Sun Simiao basically included the content of the "Ten Constants". .
Although the specific operation steps and methods of these health preservation methods are different, their principles are similar, and they are all simple and easy to implement. As long as you persist for a period of time, they will all produce obvious effects.
For example, "tooth knocking often", also known as "knocking the sky bell", is a way of longevity that has been valued by health preservationists in the past dynasties. There are many different methods of operation. The basic principles all believe that "the kidney governs the bone" and "the tooth is the rest of the bone". The health of the teeth is closely related to the essence of the kidney. Following a certain method and insisting on tapping the teeth can not only strengthen the teeth, but also strengthen the kidney. effect.
Another example is "jinchangyan", which is closely related to "tooth knocking", and is often called "knocking teeth and swallowing Jin". It is also an important health care method in ancient times.
In the view of traditional health preservation, saliva is a very precious substance. The so-called "spleen belongs to saliva, and kidney belongs to saliva". Saliva is closely related to spleen and kidney. It is even called "Jinjinyuye" to show its preciousness, so the body fluid produced by knocking teeth should be swallowed slowly and not spit out at will.
The other methods in the "Ten Constants" are similar to this. They all achieve the effect of health care by massaging and stroking certain parts of the human body.
It is worth mentioning that these methods are not only used for health care, but also have a certain preventive effect on certain specific diseases.For example, "the ear often plays", also written as "the ear often drums", "the ear often rubs", etc., because the health preservation theory believes that "the kidney opens up in the ear", and the ear is closely related to the rise and fall of the kidney qi. To prevent hearing loss, presbycusis and other effects.
Another example is "Anal Changti", also known as "Shegudao". By regularly scaling the anus, it has certain effects on preventing and treating hemorrhoids.
Experts in the study of Qing court medical records believe that there are three main reasons for Qianlong's longevity: First, he paid attention to physical exercise and liked hunting.And travel all over the famous mountains and rivers; second, live a regular life and eat on a diet.Be cautious in daily life; the third is to take longevity medicine for long-term symptoms.
In addition, Qianlong's mother, Niu Gulu, is also a well-known long-lived old lady.Genetic estimates also play a large part.
actually.As long as the following points can be done, the longevity of a romantic man is not a problem:
1. Exercising
Qianlong was a person who loved sports very much. As early as the Kangxi period, Emperor Kangxi often traveled on tour.According to historical records, Emperor Kangxi traveled to the south of the Yangtze River six times, traveling to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and visited all the places of interest in the north and south of the river.
He toured outside the Great Wall four times, staying in Duo Luo Nuo Er, Ke Lu Lun He, Langju Xu Mountain and Suo Yue Er Ji Mountain.I have visited Wutai Mountain, the holy place of Buddhism, four times, and enjoyed the scenery of the northern country.And climb Mount Tai.Worship Dongyue, Xixing Taiyuan and Xi'an.
Qianlong, who wholeheartedly imitated his grandfather, also went to the south of the Yangtze River six times, inspecting Suzhou and Hangzhou.
Although it is unavoidable that in the name of patrolling, he actually went out to play and met beautiful women in the south of the Yangtze River by the way, but at the time when the traffic and material conditions were quite inconvenient, the emperor went on a tour, although he could ride a horse or a sedan chair instead of walking by himself. There are also plenty of safeguards.But it is also very hard to trek through mountains and rivers for many consecutive days and work hard on the pommel horse.
This kind of pan-swimming is of great benefit to physical and mental health.
As a Manchu, Qianlong also inherited the glorious tradition of his ancestors fighting the world on horseback. He liked hunting and riding horses all his life.
Kangxi 58 years.Emperor Kangxi once said to his guards: "From childhood to old age, anyone who used a shotgun to bow and arrow won 130 five tigers, twenty bears, 25 leopards, ten lynx cats, fourteen deer fourteen, 96 wolves, and 130 wild boars." In 310 two, the number of deer captured by sentry was several hundred. The rest of the animals were captured by shooting, which is too hard to remember. They also shot rabbits in one day [-]."
Listening to this series of numbers, one can imagine the scale of hunting activities, Qianlong himself's superb shooting skills and strong sports.
2. Hobbies can make people healthier
We know that Qianlong had a wide range of hobbies, especially traveling, calligraphy and painting.Many emperors stayed in the palace all their lives and basically never went out.As for Qianlong, who went to the south of the Yangtze River six times, he also loved to travel around and exercise regularly, which is good for his physical and mental health.
The creation of calligraphy and painting requires both brains and hands, both hands and brains, and proper physical exercise, so that the breath is gentle and the blood is smooth, and its effect is close to that of Tai Chi.
Long-term persistence has the effect of strengthening the body.
In addition, when writing calligraphy and painting, you need to be calm, to achieve the realm of harmony between man and nature, and to make your mind more open-minded.In addition to calligraphy, Qianlong also liked music.
In history, literati, calligraphers and painters mostly lived long.
According to experts' calculations based on historical data, the average life expectancy of ancient Chinese people was about 30 years old, and it was only 35 years old before the founding of the People's Republic of China.This is not unrelated to the harsh natural conditions in ancient times, the lack of medical conditions, hard work, epidemics of plague, and frequent wars.But even so, ancient Chinese literati seem to be a special case.Among them, there are many birthday stars who live to be 90, [-] or even over [-] years old.
According to the available data, the average life expectancy of ancient literati: During the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, there were 20 literati with clear records of birth and death, with an average life expectancy of 58.4 years.
Among them, Confucius lived to be 73 years old, Xunzi was 74 years old, Zhuangzi was 83 years old, Mencius was 84 years old, Mozi was 92 years old, and Fu of the Han Dynasty lived to be 92 years old;
There were 79 people in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, with an average life expectancy of 65.6 years. The "King of Medicine" Sun Simiao lived to be 141 years old. Ouyang Xun, a calligrapher handed down in "European Style", was 85 years old. Liu Gongquan, the creator of "Liu Style", a great calligrapher, was 88 years old;
In the Song Dynasty, there were 82 people, with an average age of 65.6 years. The poet Lu You, who "did not dare to forget his country", died at the age of 85; in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there were 29 people, with an average life expectancy of 67 years, and the painter and calligrapher Huang Gongwang died at the age of 85;
There were 77 people in the Ming Dynasty, with an average age of 64. Leng Qian, who was good at music, died at the age of 150, and Wen Zhengming, one of the "Four Talents in Wuzhong", lived to 90 years old;
In the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Yun lived to be 77 years old, and Huang Jin lived to be 8 years old;
There were 126 people in the Qing Dynasty, with an average age of 63.4. Huang Zongxi, known as the "father of Chinese ideological enlightenment", died at the age of 85. Yao Nai, the representative figure of the Tongcheng School, was 84 years old, Liu Dakui was 83 years old, and Fang Bao was 81 years old. Ruan Yuan lived to be 86 years old and 95 years old.From this, we can easily see that the average life expectancy of ancient literati is about twice that of ancient people.
Why did these literati in ancient China live longer than ordinary people?
There are three reasons for this:
One, be good at self-cultivation and emphasizing sentiment.Self-cultivation can cultivate character.Reading can be enjoyable, and of course it can also relieve boredom.
Ancient Chinese literati took saints as their models.The mentality is superior to that of ordinary people, and most of the time, it can maintain a peaceful and calm mind.It can be said that it is spiritually fulfilling.In terms of behavior, they often follow the doctrine of the mean, deal with things peacefully, and not be tepid, all of which are extremely helpful for health preservation.
Second, there is perseverance and indomitable character, which also endowed the ancient literati with tenacious vitality.
The book has its own Yan Ruyu, and the book has its own golden house, and the guiding ideology of learning and excellence makes officials lock the life goals of ancient literati, thus cultivating their tenacious and resilient characteristics, and constantly honing their psychological endurance.There are many people in the ancients who are still studying hard in order to achieve fame in their sixtieth year.This kind of spirit and perseverance allow them to endure injustice and let go of unhappiness.
Three, be diligent and thoughtful.Diligent use of the brain is good for health. Literati naturally use their brains a lot. Brain cells are full of vitality, and aging is naturally slower. Only people who are physically and mentally healthy can live longer.
It can be seen that the character and attitude of ancient Chinese literati are an important factor for their longevity.
3. Mother’s inheritance is very important
According to a study by the Ye-Shi-Wa-University of the United States, genetics account for 70% of the reasons for the longevity of centenarians, that is to say.If you live to this age, it's up to whoever's gene is better!
Some scientists believe that, from the perspective of genetics, longevity can be hereditary.Mainly inherited from the mother, that is, if the mother lived long.Their children are more likely to live longer; if the father lives longer, his children may not live longer.
Niu Colu, Qianlong's mother.The first half of his life was also relatively rough, and he married Yinzhen from the age of 13.She has always had a very low status. It was not until Qianlong was born at the age of 28 that the mother became the top Fujin with her son.
The historical record is: "Empress Xiaoshengxian, Niu Hulu family, fourth-grade Dianyi Lingzhu daughter. Thirteen years later, Shizong Qiandi, No. Gege. Kangxi 50th year, August Gengwu, Gao Zongsheng."
The most blessed thing in Niu Gulu's life was to have a good son.Qianlong could not be regarded as a good emperor, but he was definitely a good son.
The old lady lived to be 86 years old (some say 85), and she is also the oldest among all empress dowagers. She can be called the most blessed mother and child in history.
Generally speaking, longevity is a good thing, but if everyone around you has a normal life expectancy and you are the only one living a long life, this feeling may not be very pleasant.
Take Qianlong as an example. He had many children, including 17 sons, but most of them did not live long and died young.
Therefore, in Qianlong's later years, although seven generations lived under the same roof, he had only four sons around him. Qianlong had to "give a white-haired man to a black-haired man" again and again. It's the only "side effect" of his longevity.
Qianlong lived to be 89 years old, which can be said to be an absolute longevity, but for ordinary people on the ninth floor, it is very difficult to live to 898 years old, that is to say, it is difficult for ordinary people to live long, so why do people Can't live long?
Scientists believe that in theory, humans have a lifespan of 120 years, tortoises have 150 years, and dogs have 20 years. The difference in lifespan between these species is determined by genes.
Scientists have identified genes related to longevity in several species, including both "longevity" genes that extend lifespan and genes that shorten lifespan.
There is a by-product of metabolism in organisms, called active oxygen, also called free radicals, which are closely related to the occurrence of diseases such as body aging and cancer.
Cell oxidation can cause cell damage or aging, and the product of "longevity" gene can prevent cell oxidation, so that people can live longer.
There are also some gene products that can repair damaged dna, or control the aging process of cells by controlling the length of chromosomes, and can also make people live longer.
Scientists believe that there are at least hundreds of genes related to longevity in organisms, and only a small part of them have been discovered now.By modulating the expression of these genes, the lifespan of an organism can be altered.
For example, Mike Roth, a geneticist at the University of California in the United States, bred fruit flies that can live for 70 to 80 days by selecting fruit flies with a longer lifespan for mating. The lifespan is twice that of normal fruit flies.
Although genes are important in determining longevity, they are not the only factor in determining longevity.
Many scientists believe that environment and living habits may play a role in longevity as high as 66%.Therefore, people who want to live a long life should pay attention to the following points: insist on physical exercise.Diet and weight control; not addicted to alcohol and tobacco; appropriate use of vitamins.Especially vitamin c and vitamin e; eat more vegetables and less meat; eat more raw vegetables and fruits.
Every time we watch TV series or movies, some people are very envious because of what they eat or what they eat, but we all know that human beings cannot live forever in reality.Why is this?
I often hear people say, if there are only a few minutes left in life, and we can choose freely, what method would you like to use to end your life?
Everyone is reluctant to think about death, but at some point, it is good to think about these issues, and at least help us formulate correct medical policies and research goals.When we are fighting death, how much help science can provide us is also a very important question.
People often say.Our ancestors were able to face death more calmly because they were used to it.
100 years ago, the average human life expectancy was about 30 years shorter than it is now.Improvements in health care over the past century have made overall life expectancy longer than ever before, and the average life expectancy of the global population continues to rise.
In richer developed countries, life expectancy is increasing by 5 hours a day or faster, and many developing countries are catching up with developed countries at an even faster rate.
Today, the leading cause of death in humans is the aging process itself, and the various diseases that result from this process.
So.What Exactly Is Controlling Aging?
Let us imagine the death of the next person, who takes his last breath, and thus ends his life.At this time, some cells in the body are still alive.They don't know what period happened, but they are still carrying out normal metabolism to maintain life.They extract oxygen and nutrients from their environment and produce large amounts of energy.It also makes proteins and other cellular components, and drives the activities of all cellular components.
soon.Cells die from lack of oxygen.And with their death, something very old came to an end - every cell in the body that just died could, in theory, follow an unbroken chain of cell division going back almost 40 billion years on Earth Those cellular life bodies that first appeared.
Death is inevitable, but some cells in your body have an amazing property: As long as humans don't die, they're nearly immortal, assuming you have children.For every surviving child, you have a cell (sperm or egg) that escaped perdition.Children are born, grow up, grow up, multiply, and the life of cells continues from generation to generation.
This brings us to an almost miraculous existence of a lineage of cells capable of immortality.But why do almost all living things have a body that is bound to die? Why don't all cells have the opportunity to live forever? These questions were first questioned by the naturalist Wo-G--S--te? Wei--S-- Mann put forward in the 19th century: "abandoning the body theory".
In fact, cells will be destroyed at any time, such as dna mutation, protein damage, highly reactive "free radicals" attacking cell membranes, etc. The existence of life depends on the continuous replication and translation of genetic information.
Germ cells survive a catastrophe caused by all kinds of mistakes, partly because of extremely sophisticated self-maintenance and repair mechanisms, and partly because of their ability to eliminate major mistakes through round after round. ability.
Sperm are produced on a large scale, but usually only one excellent sperm can combine with the egg; there are also many cells that can form eggs, far exceeding the number of final ovulation.
Rigorous quality control weeds out the defective ones, while natural selection acts as the final arbiter of which individuals are best suited to pass on the germline from generation to generation.
For some multicellular organisms, not aging seems to be a criterion.Freshwater polyps have super viability. As they age, the mortality rate will not increase, and the reproductive ability will not decrease.Even if it is cut into many segments, a complete body can be regrown.The secret of hydra’s eternal youth is simple: reproductive cells are all over the body.
In most multicellular animals, though, germ cells are found only in the gonad tissue, where sperm and eggs are made.
Other types of cells differentiate into professional cells, such as nerve cells and muscle cells, and this differentiation is necessary for the development of complex organisms.
This division of labor has profound implications for the aging and survival times of organisms.
It is not necessary for professional cells to live forever. When the body transmits genetic information to the next generation through germ cells, professional cells can die.
Most natural organisms die very young, often from accidents, predation by natural enemies, infection or famine.At the same time, keeping the body functioning is expensive, and resources are often limited.Of the daily energy intake of an organism, some may be used for growth, some for physical labor and exercise, and some for reproduction.
Another part of the energy is stored in the form of fat to prepare for famine.It's just that, every second that the organism is alive, there will be many mistakes in the body, and a lot of fat will be consumed in the process of dealing with the mistakes.
The body must also continuously synthesize molecules necessary for life activities such as proteins, and to correctly synthesize these molecules, the body must constantly correct the genetic code, and this process also consumes a lot of energy.
In addition, the body has to allocate energy to the waste disposal system, which removes cellular debris.
It is precisely based on the energy consumption of the organism that I proposed the theory of abandoning the body: if the environment is likely to bring death to the organism, then the organism does not need to consume a lot of energy in order to survive indefinitely.In order for the species to continue, the genome only needs to keep the organism healthy and reproduce successfully before death arrives.
Under the strong pressure of natural selection, organisms prioritize growth and reproduction rather than constructing an immortal body when allocating energy.
Therefore, the aging of organisms is actually the result of long-term accumulation of various cell damages that have not been repaired.
It is also because of this that we cannot achieve immortality!
There is nothing wrong with people's pursuit of longevity in essence, but in the process of pursuing longevity, people must pay attention to a limit. You can pursue longevity within this limit, but once you exceed this limit, you have to stop, otherwise, waiting for your inevitable. would be a bad thing.
The key to pursuing longevity is to pursue and pursue it. When a person is young, he should lay the foundation for longevity...
As far as the mentality of life is concerned, there are two kinds of people, one is the pursuit of longevity, and the other is the dream of longevity.Longevity has always been the goal and dream pursued by human beings.
From ancient times to the present, almost no one among all living beings does not want to live a long life, but there are also many people who fall into the misunderstanding of forcing a long life.
Take the ancient emperors as an example, some tried their best to find some elixir of life, some believed in the lies of quack warlocks to make some elixir... All these are manifestations of striving for longevity.However, there are not a few people who fall into the misunderstanding of insisting on longevity in modern times.If some people take supplements indiscriminately, ginseng, bird's nest, deer antler...
All supplements sold in the market are bought and eaten, blindly increasing nutrition, to the point of being unrestrained. Some people feel unwell, they worry so much that they seek medical treatment everywhere and take medicine indiscriminately; "Okay, go to "colon cleansing"... I am afraid that all these "forces" may not necessarily lead to longevity.
I remember that in the 60s, there were rumors in the society that chicken blood was used to strengthen the body and cure diseases, which was even more ridiculous.
The key to pursuing longevity is pursuit and pursuit. People should lay the foundation for longevity in youth: first, develop healthy eating habits; second, develop healthy ways of thinking; third, develop healthy exercise habits, In middle age, further consolidate good habits.If we can unswervingly maintain the pursuit and confidence in longevity, be open-minded, love life, pay attention to health care, pay attention to disease prevention, and avoid accidents, longevity will become a reality step by step. (To be continued..)
ps: Note: Thank you ronyu for the support of the two monthly tickets, thank you!
Thank you jimh and Shui Yiyue for your monthly support, thank you!
Thank you to the royal family and Xie Zhixiu for your great reward and support, thank you!
Qing Gaozong Aixinjueluo Hongli (September 1711, 9-February 25, 1799), the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the fourth emperor after entering the customs.The year name "Qianlong" means "heavenly prosperity". He ascended the throne at the age of 2 and reigned for 7 years. After the Zen throne, he served as the Supreme Emperor for another three years and four months. He actually exercised the highest power of the country for 25 years and four months. He was the emperor who actually held the highest power of the country for the longest time in Chinese history. , and the longest-lived emperor in Chinese history.
During the reign of Hongli, the Qing Dynasty reached its highest peak since the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong, and Sinology developed greatly during this period.Hongli was a well-known emperor in the late feudal society of China.On the basis of the cultural and martial arts of the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, he further completed the unification of the multi-ethnic country, and the social economy and culture have further developed.
Hongli attached great importance to social stability and cared for the people affected by the disaster. During his reign, he exempted the world's money and grain for five times, and exempted grain for three times in eight provinces, which reduced the burden on farmers. He also paid attention to water conservancy construction, which played a role in protecting agricultural production. increasingly enriched.
Hongli's martial arts flourished, and he made great achievements in quelling the rebellion in the border areas, maintained the unity of the country and expanded the territory, and perfected the rule of Tibet, occupied Xinjiang, and officially included Xinjiang in the territory of China. This maximizes it.
During the reign of Hongli, folk art developed greatly, such as Peking Opera, which was formed in the reign of Qianlong.But in the later period of his reign, he was extravagant.The administration of officials has been corrupted, and uprisings broke out in many places.And the closed-door policy has also reached the highest level.This widened the gap with the West and brought about a crisis in the Qing Dynasty's rule.The wind of literary inquisition is more severe than that of Kangxi and Yongzheng.
Emperor Qianlong quelled the Junggar rebellion twice during his lifetime.Huibu rebellion once, Jinchuan rebellion twice, Taiwan people's uprising led by Lin Shuangwen was suppressed once, Gurkha (Nepal) was fought twice, Burma and Annan (Vietnam today) were fought once each, and all of them ended up with warring neighbors. It ends when the country pays tribute.
Emperor Qianlong was full of arrogance and pride, boasting of "Shiquan martial arts", and called himself "Shiquan old man" and "Shiquan".It means flawless.
However, one of Qianlong's most proud titles was "Ancient Son of Heaven", so that the seal of "Ancient Rare Son of Heaven" was Qianlong's most proud imperial treasure in his later years.Because Qianlong believed that the Qing Empire "gained the righteousness of the country, expanded the land, made the subjects popular, and the people's peace" were all his achievements.
How did the title "Ancient Son of Heaven" come about?It turned out that in the 45th year of Qianlong (1780), on the [-]th birthday of Emperor Qianlong, Peng Yuanrui, Minister of the Ministry of Industry, made a memorial titled "Nine Songs of Ancient Rare", flattering Qianlong, which quoted Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, "The Seventh Day of Life" "Ten ancient rare" poems, praising Emperor Qianlong as "ancient and rare emperor".
Emperor Qianlong appreciated it very much.He believes that "the intention is new and the words are elegant", there have been several emperors over the age of [-] in Chinese history, but their performance cannot be compared with myself.
He wrote an "Ancient Legend" for this purpose:
Yu Yi ascended to the seventh rank this year because he used Du Fu's sentences.Engraving "The Treasure of the Ancient and Rare Son of Heaven"... For the above three generations, there are only six people who have ascended to the ancient rarity for the son of heaven.I have seen it recently.The perfect husband wins the righteousness of the country and protects the land.The popularity of surrender, the peace of the common people.Although it is not big, it can be described as well-off.
Moreover, those who subjugated the country in the previous dynasties were called strong vassals, foreign invaders, powerful ministers, foreign relatives, daughters, eunuchs, traitors, and sycophants. There is no such thing as today.That is to say, the six ancient emperors, the second ancestors of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, were the kings of entrepreneurship.The other four emperors are not enough to be the law, and how can their politics at that time be like today?It's just old and rare...
For Emperor Qianlong, it was true that his political achievements were remarkable and he made great contributions. However, from the perspective of the later period of Qianlong, politics began to become corrupt. When Emperor Jiaqing came to the throne, the treasury was empty and the people were destitute.
But as far as Qianlong's longevity is concerned, the word "ancient and rare" is well-deserved.Among the more than 230 emperors in Chinese history, more were short-lived than long-lived, and only Emperor Qianlong lived to the age of 89. He experienced the four dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, and Jiaqing, and enjoyed seven generations under the same roof. family happiness.
He died in the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799) at the age of 89.The temple name is Gaozong, the posthumous name is Fatian, Longyun, Zhicheng, Xianjue, Tiyuan, Jifu, Wenfen, Wuqin, Ming, filial piety, holy and pure emperor.Buried in Yuling of the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty.
There is a saying: "It is difficult to be an emperor, it is difficult to be a good emperor, and it is even more difficult to be a good emperor with a long life!" But Emperor Qianlong did it!
In China's thousands of years of imperial history, the top three Chinese emperor longevity rankings are: No.3—the Empress Wu Zetian, who died at the age of 82; No.2—Liang Wudi Xiao Yan during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, who lived to be 86 years old ; No.1——Emperor Qianlong, aged 89, is the longest-lived emperor in Chinese history.
Qianlong put it now, that is the standard hero image in stallion novels.
Known as the "Merry Emperor", Qianlong created some of the most ancient records.
For example, if counted by the number of years he actually ruled the country, Qianlong may be the best in the world; another example is that he loves to write poems. Although the quality is really unsatisfactory and lacks poetic flavor, he wins by quantity, and he is the person who wrote the most poems in ancient times. He wrote nearly 2200 poems in his life, surpassing the sum of more than 89 poets in "All Tang Poems". , never had a serious illness, it can be said that he died without a disease.
Therefore, many people envy Qianlong as a rare lucky monarch in ancient and modern times. He was smart since he was a child, and he was deeply loved by Kangxi and Yongzheng. They are all enjoying life: they like reciting poetry and composition, love calligraphy, painting, music, drinking tea, have the temperament of an artist, and love to travel.Six trips to the south of the Yangtze River, five visits to Mount Wutai.Climb Mount Tai three times.Qianlong was also skilled in bowing and horses, and loved hunting.He often competes with the military officer in archery, and even likes various ice sports... He is really the darling of heaven.
Thanks to all kinds of dog blood palace TV dramas, everyone now knows that Emperor Qianlong is quite good-looking.Not only did he own the Sangong and Liuyuan, where the beauties in the palace were like clouds and there were many beauties, but also left countless romantic and fragrant historical legends in his six visits to the south of the Yangtze River; in his later years, the romantic legend between him and a beautiful concubine Xiang from a different race made future generations appreciate him. No one in the world can match her flair and lust.
In "Joking about Qianlong", a story is replaced by a woman; in "My Fair Princess", this wretched old man almost even let his illegitimate daughter go.Calling him a lewd-ghost is not wronging him.
On the other hand, Qianlong was also a well-known longevity emperor.
As the saying goes, wine is poison that pierces the intestines, and sex is a steel knife that scrapes bones.Many people are wondering, just this standard stallion, why can he live so long?This is not scientific!
In fact, Qianlong himself paid great attention to self-cultivation.
We know that many people in history became addicted after becoming emperors.I just want to keep doing it forever, in order to seek the secret of longevity, make alchemy and take medicine, and seek the way of Buddha.There are not a few people who kill themselves for this.But Qianlong did not follow their old path. He did not believe in longevity, but he actively laid the foundation for longevity.
why is that?the reason is simple.That is the lesson from the past.
Interesting to say, Qianlong's father, Yongzheng, wanted to live a long life.Wantonly invited experts from all walks of life to seek the formula of immortality.I don't know how many golden pills he took, but he died early, not yet 60 years old. Although the cause of death is full of fog, a more credible speculation is that he died of poisoning after taking golden pills.
However, Emperor Qianlong, having witnessed Yongzheng's futile pursuit of longevity and learned a lesson, had no interest in alchemy, etc., and ordered the expulsion of the alchemists summoned by Yongzheng at the beginning of his ascension, let alone taking food, but instead gained longevity. .
Why did Emperor Qianlong enjoy a long life alone?Relevant experts found that Emperor Qianlong had a set of health preservation secrets.
It turned out that when Qianlong was the prince, he admired his grandfather Emperor Kangxi the most. Emperor Kangxi ascended to the throne at the age of 8, became emperor for 61 years, and lived to be 69 years old. He was a relatively long-lived emperor in the Qing Dynasty.
Kangxi divided the way of keeping in good health into two aspects: nourishing the body and nourishing the mind (or called nourishing the spirit and nourishing the nature).
Cultivation of health refers to diet, prudent daily life, smoking cessation, alcohol abstinence, abstinence from greed, proper exercise, hard work, restraint, and a life of indifference.
Cultivating the mind refers to spiritual life such as literature and art, morality, thought, and character.
Emperor Kangxi's incisive opinion on health maintenance is: "Food and drink, and daily life is a good prescription for disease." "Food diet", "If the body is slightly unwell, you should reduce your diet", and "depending on the cause of the disease, calmly adjust, eat in a certain amount, so as to increase blood energy."And for example, some old people "give too much food and drink, but take all kinds of tonics, which can hardly replenish qi and blood to make people full", so it is not advisable.
"Don't eat too much of what you like, and choose the one that suits you." "Prudent living" means paying attention to hygiene, not being greedy for coolness in summer, and adding clothes first in winter.
"When a person is clean on weekdays, his body will be covered with clear air. If he is close to being dirty, he will be contaminated by turbid air, and the clear air will gradually be deceived."
"When I was in the heat of the summer moon, I didn't open the windows or take in the cool wind. It was because I was used to it when I was young, and I also calmed down my mind, so my body didn't feel hot. This is what the ancients said that if you can calm your mind, your body will be cool. And Xiayue doesn't want to be cool. , It is also very beneficial to the body. Covering the summer moon and the full shade, if you take the comfort of the cool breeze for a while, instead of closing the heat on the skin, you will not feel the harm at that time, and you may become sick later. Every time you see people (in late autumn) there are many Disorders in the stomach and abdomen are all caused by the greedy wind and cold outside and the hot summer heat inside."
"If you usually live at home and occasionally go out, and you feel cold suddenly, you should always take precautions", "If it is not (to) cold, add more clothes", "I Dongyue's clothes are too thick, but I don't use a stove. Therefore, if this is the case, the cover should be close With a fire (furnace), the clothes must be thinner, and you will feel cold when you go out. Instead of wearing more clothes when you feel cold, why not wear clothes before the cold?"
"Abstain from alcohol and smoking", "I don't like drinking since I was a child, but I can drink without drinking", "It is a person who does not drink out of sincerity", "Mostly addicted to alcohol, the mind will be confused and confused, or cause disease, It is not something that is beneficial to people." "He likes to drink wine, enjoys it endlessly, and his mind is constantly in a frenzy, so that his body and bones are turned upside down, and etiquette and law are lost. This is a failure of virtue. How can we say it?"
"Abstain from being greedy, pay more attention to restraint", Confucius said, "Old age has weakened blood, and the abstinence lies in gaining it." , then you can raise blessings, then you can prolong life", "A gentleman dare not be lazy in cultivation, dare not indulge in desires, dare not indulge in festivals and music, dare not be extravagant in cherishing blessings, and dare not be arrogant in keeping his points."
Kangxi also said, "The sage regards labor as a blessing, and ease as a disaster. Xunzi said, work hard and feel at ease. I say, 'People work hard and know ease. I can't bear it'".
Cultivating the mind refers to "learning the six arts, reading more books" and so on.
"If a person concentrates on one art and one skill, the heart will not be distracted, and it will be beneficial to the body. As far as I can tell, the people of the Ming Dynasty and the elders of our country, those who are good at calligraphy all live in good health. They can also paint Han people or make utensils. Craftsmen, those who are extremely skillful, all live to seventy or eighty, have a strong body, and their paintings are as usual." "I have been fond of books since I was a child, but when I am in a hurry this year, I must write a few lines without interruption for a day. Therefore, it has not been abandoned." "If you read more, you will lose your appetite. If your appetite is light, you will save money. If you save money, you will have less demand. If you have less demand, you will have a higher reputation."
"People in modern times regard not eating meat as fasting. How do you know that the fasting of the ancients must go hand in hand with precepts?" ".
Emperor Kangxi also loved handicrafts.Kangxi's cultivation of mind involves rich content, profound meaning, and noble intentions, which had a profound influence on the later generations of Qianlong, so that when Qianlong visited Emperor Kangxi's mausoleum 26 times, he left a large number of commemorative verses, expressing Emperor Qianlong's life. The lifelong memory and admiration of his grandfather, Emperor Kangxi, who was famous for his martial arts and martial arts.
Among them, Emperor Qianlong, who was 1796 years old in the first year of Jiaqing (85), wrote in the poem "Greetings to Jingling":
It was sixty years ago yesterday, and now it is passed on with my son.
Unable to decide on me, I deeply feel that it is bestowed by God.
The ancestors are blessed with super training, and the new Yin Bing and Yuan.
After nine worships in Minglou, I feel sad and appreciative of Xin Ran.
Based on his own personal experience, Emperor Qianlong improved on his grandfather Emperor Kangxi's longevity experience, and thus summed up his own sixteen-character mantra for health preservation: "breathe the lungs and lungs, exercise the muscles and bones, make ten constants and four don'ts, and nourish at the right time".
The seemingly simple sixteen characters succinctly summarize the general content of his health-preserving practice.
"Spitting out viscera, mobilizing muscles and bones" and "timely tonic" are both relatively easy to understand, and the content can be inferred from the words, while "Ten Constants and Four Don'ts" seems a bit confusing, but in fact they are all common in traditional health preservation health regimen.
The so-called "Ten Constants" refers to ten health-preserving methods, including "Knocking the teeth frequently, swallowing the fluid frequently, bouncing the ears frequently, rubbing the nose frequently, moving the eyes frequently, rubbing the face frequently, rubbing the feet frequently, smoothing the abdomen frequently, stretching the limbs frequently, The anus is often lifted"; "four don'ts" refer to the four health precepts of "don't talk when eating, don't talk when lying down, don't get drunk when drinking, and don't get lost in sex".
Of course, the "Ten Constants and Four Don'ts" were certainly not invented by Qianlong. These are the experiences summed up by the health experts of the past dynasties. For example, the "Thirteen Methods of Health Preservation" invented by Sun Simiao basically included the content of the "Ten Constants". .
Although the specific operation steps and methods of these health preservation methods are different, their principles are similar, and they are all simple and easy to implement. As long as you persist for a period of time, they will all produce obvious effects.
For example, "tooth knocking often", also known as "knocking the sky bell", is a way of longevity that has been valued by health preservationists in the past dynasties. There are many different methods of operation. The basic principles all believe that "the kidney governs the bone" and "the tooth is the rest of the bone". The health of the teeth is closely related to the essence of the kidney. Following a certain method and insisting on tapping the teeth can not only strengthen the teeth, but also strengthen the kidney. effect.
Another example is "jinchangyan", which is closely related to "tooth knocking", and is often called "knocking teeth and swallowing Jin". It is also an important health care method in ancient times.
In the view of traditional health preservation, saliva is a very precious substance. The so-called "spleen belongs to saliva, and kidney belongs to saliva". Saliva is closely related to spleen and kidney. It is even called "Jinjinyuye" to show its preciousness, so the body fluid produced by knocking teeth should be swallowed slowly and not spit out at will.
The other methods in the "Ten Constants" are similar to this. They all achieve the effect of health care by massaging and stroking certain parts of the human body.
It is worth mentioning that these methods are not only used for health care, but also have a certain preventive effect on certain specific diseases.For example, "the ear often plays", also written as "the ear often drums", "the ear often rubs", etc., because the health preservation theory believes that "the kidney opens up in the ear", and the ear is closely related to the rise and fall of the kidney qi. To prevent hearing loss, presbycusis and other effects.
Another example is "Anal Changti", also known as "Shegudao". By regularly scaling the anus, it has certain effects on preventing and treating hemorrhoids.
Experts in the study of Qing court medical records believe that there are three main reasons for Qianlong's longevity: First, he paid attention to physical exercise and liked hunting.And travel all over the famous mountains and rivers; second, live a regular life and eat on a diet.Be cautious in daily life; the third is to take longevity medicine for long-term symptoms.
In addition, Qianlong's mother, Niu Gulu, is also a well-known long-lived old lady.Genetic estimates also play a large part.
actually.As long as the following points can be done, the longevity of a romantic man is not a problem:
1. Exercising
Qianlong was a person who loved sports very much. As early as the Kangxi period, Emperor Kangxi often traveled on tour.According to historical records, Emperor Kangxi traveled to the south of the Yangtze River six times, traveling to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and visited all the places of interest in the north and south of the river.
He toured outside the Great Wall four times, staying in Duo Luo Nuo Er, Ke Lu Lun He, Langju Xu Mountain and Suo Yue Er Ji Mountain.I have visited Wutai Mountain, the holy place of Buddhism, four times, and enjoyed the scenery of the northern country.And climb Mount Tai.Worship Dongyue, Xixing Taiyuan and Xi'an.
Qianlong, who wholeheartedly imitated his grandfather, also went to the south of the Yangtze River six times, inspecting Suzhou and Hangzhou.
Although it is unavoidable that in the name of patrolling, he actually went out to play and met beautiful women in the south of the Yangtze River by the way, but at the time when the traffic and material conditions were quite inconvenient, the emperor went on a tour, although he could ride a horse or a sedan chair instead of walking by himself. There are also plenty of safeguards.But it is also very hard to trek through mountains and rivers for many consecutive days and work hard on the pommel horse.
This kind of pan-swimming is of great benefit to physical and mental health.
As a Manchu, Qianlong also inherited the glorious tradition of his ancestors fighting the world on horseback. He liked hunting and riding horses all his life.
Kangxi 58 years.Emperor Kangxi once said to his guards: "From childhood to old age, anyone who used a shotgun to bow and arrow won 130 five tigers, twenty bears, 25 leopards, ten lynx cats, fourteen deer fourteen, 96 wolves, and 130 wild boars." In 310 two, the number of deer captured by sentry was several hundred. The rest of the animals were captured by shooting, which is too hard to remember. They also shot rabbits in one day [-]."
Listening to this series of numbers, one can imagine the scale of hunting activities, Qianlong himself's superb shooting skills and strong sports.
2. Hobbies can make people healthier
We know that Qianlong had a wide range of hobbies, especially traveling, calligraphy and painting.Many emperors stayed in the palace all their lives and basically never went out.As for Qianlong, who went to the south of the Yangtze River six times, he also loved to travel around and exercise regularly, which is good for his physical and mental health.
The creation of calligraphy and painting requires both brains and hands, both hands and brains, and proper physical exercise, so that the breath is gentle and the blood is smooth, and its effect is close to that of Tai Chi.
Long-term persistence has the effect of strengthening the body.
In addition, when writing calligraphy and painting, you need to be calm, to achieve the realm of harmony between man and nature, and to make your mind more open-minded.In addition to calligraphy, Qianlong also liked music.
In history, literati, calligraphers and painters mostly lived long.
According to experts' calculations based on historical data, the average life expectancy of ancient Chinese people was about 30 years old, and it was only 35 years old before the founding of the People's Republic of China.This is not unrelated to the harsh natural conditions in ancient times, the lack of medical conditions, hard work, epidemics of plague, and frequent wars.But even so, ancient Chinese literati seem to be a special case.Among them, there are many birthday stars who live to be 90, [-] or even over [-] years old.
According to the available data, the average life expectancy of ancient literati: During the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, there were 20 literati with clear records of birth and death, with an average life expectancy of 58.4 years.
Among them, Confucius lived to be 73 years old, Xunzi was 74 years old, Zhuangzi was 83 years old, Mencius was 84 years old, Mozi was 92 years old, and Fu of the Han Dynasty lived to be 92 years old;
There were 79 people in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, with an average life expectancy of 65.6 years. The "King of Medicine" Sun Simiao lived to be 141 years old. Ouyang Xun, a calligrapher handed down in "European Style", was 85 years old. Liu Gongquan, the creator of "Liu Style", a great calligrapher, was 88 years old;
In the Song Dynasty, there were 82 people, with an average age of 65.6 years. The poet Lu You, who "did not dare to forget his country", died at the age of 85; in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there were 29 people, with an average life expectancy of 67 years, and the painter and calligrapher Huang Gongwang died at the age of 85;
There were 77 people in the Ming Dynasty, with an average age of 64. Leng Qian, who was good at music, died at the age of 150, and Wen Zhengming, one of the "Four Talents in Wuzhong", lived to 90 years old;
In the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Yun lived to be 77 years old, and Huang Jin lived to be 8 years old;
There were 126 people in the Qing Dynasty, with an average age of 63.4. Huang Zongxi, known as the "father of Chinese ideological enlightenment", died at the age of 85. Yao Nai, the representative figure of the Tongcheng School, was 84 years old, Liu Dakui was 83 years old, and Fang Bao was 81 years old. Ruan Yuan lived to be 86 years old and 95 years old.From this, we can easily see that the average life expectancy of ancient literati is about twice that of ancient people.
Why did these literati in ancient China live longer than ordinary people?
There are three reasons for this:
One, be good at self-cultivation and emphasizing sentiment.Self-cultivation can cultivate character.Reading can be enjoyable, and of course it can also relieve boredom.
Ancient Chinese literati took saints as their models.The mentality is superior to that of ordinary people, and most of the time, it can maintain a peaceful and calm mind.It can be said that it is spiritually fulfilling.In terms of behavior, they often follow the doctrine of the mean, deal with things peacefully, and not be tepid, all of which are extremely helpful for health preservation.
Second, there is perseverance and indomitable character, which also endowed the ancient literati with tenacious vitality.
The book has its own Yan Ruyu, and the book has its own golden house, and the guiding ideology of learning and excellence makes officials lock the life goals of ancient literati, thus cultivating their tenacious and resilient characteristics, and constantly honing their psychological endurance.There are many people in the ancients who are still studying hard in order to achieve fame in their sixtieth year.This kind of spirit and perseverance allow them to endure injustice and let go of unhappiness.
Three, be diligent and thoughtful.Diligent use of the brain is good for health. Literati naturally use their brains a lot. Brain cells are full of vitality, and aging is naturally slower. Only people who are physically and mentally healthy can live longer.
It can be seen that the character and attitude of ancient Chinese literati are an important factor for their longevity.
3. Mother’s inheritance is very important
According to a study by the Ye-Shi-Wa-University of the United States, genetics account for 70% of the reasons for the longevity of centenarians, that is to say.If you live to this age, it's up to whoever's gene is better!
Some scientists believe that, from the perspective of genetics, longevity can be hereditary.Mainly inherited from the mother, that is, if the mother lived long.Their children are more likely to live longer; if the father lives longer, his children may not live longer.
Niu Colu, Qianlong's mother.The first half of his life was also relatively rough, and he married Yinzhen from the age of 13.She has always had a very low status. It was not until Qianlong was born at the age of 28 that the mother became the top Fujin with her son.
The historical record is: "Empress Xiaoshengxian, Niu Hulu family, fourth-grade Dianyi Lingzhu daughter. Thirteen years later, Shizong Qiandi, No. Gege. Kangxi 50th year, August Gengwu, Gao Zongsheng."
The most blessed thing in Niu Gulu's life was to have a good son.Qianlong could not be regarded as a good emperor, but he was definitely a good son.
The old lady lived to be 86 years old (some say 85), and she is also the oldest among all empress dowagers. She can be called the most blessed mother and child in history.
Generally speaking, longevity is a good thing, but if everyone around you has a normal life expectancy and you are the only one living a long life, this feeling may not be very pleasant.
Take Qianlong as an example. He had many children, including 17 sons, but most of them did not live long and died young.
Therefore, in Qianlong's later years, although seven generations lived under the same roof, he had only four sons around him. Qianlong had to "give a white-haired man to a black-haired man" again and again. It's the only "side effect" of his longevity.
Qianlong lived to be 89 years old, which can be said to be an absolute longevity, but for ordinary people on the ninth floor, it is very difficult to live to 898 years old, that is to say, it is difficult for ordinary people to live long, so why do people Can't live long?
Scientists believe that in theory, humans have a lifespan of 120 years, tortoises have 150 years, and dogs have 20 years. The difference in lifespan between these species is determined by genes.
Scientists have identified genes related to longevity in several species, including both "longevity" genes that extend lifespan and genes that shorten lifespan.
There is a by-product of metabolism in organisms, called active oxygen, also called free radicals, which are closely related to the occurrence of diseases such as body aging and cancer.
Cell oxidation can cause cell damage or aging, and the product of "longevity" gene can prevent cell oxidation, so that people can live longer.
There are also some gene products that can repair damaged dna, or control the aging process of cells by controlling the length of chromosomes, and can also make people live longer.
Scientists believe that there are at least hundreds of genes related to longevity in organisms, and only a small part of them have been discovered now.By modulating the expression of these genes, the lifespan of an organism can be altered.
For example, Mike Roth, a geneticist at the University of California in the United States, bred fruit flies that can live for 70 to 80 days by selecting fruit flies with a longer lifespan for mating. The lifespan is twice that of normal fruit flies.
Although genes are important in determining longevity, they are not the only factor in determining longevity.
Many scientists believe that environment and living habits may play a role in longevity as high as 66%.Therefore, people who want to live a long life should pay attention to the following points: insist on physical exercise.Diet and weight control; not addicted to alcohol and tobacco; appropriate use of vitamins.Especially vitamin c and vitamin e; eat more vegetables and less meat; eat more raw vegetables and fruits.
Every time we watch TV series or movies, some people are very envious because of what they eat or what they eat, but we all know that human beings cannot live forever in reality.Why is this?
I often hear people say, if there are only a few minutes left in life, and we can choose freely, what method would you like to use to end your life?
Everyone is reluctant to think about death, but at some point, it is good to think about these issues, and at least help us formulate correct medical policies and research goals.When we are fighting death, how much help science can provide us is also a very important question.
People often say.Our ancestors were able to face death more calmly because they were used to it.
100 years ago, the average human life expectancy was about 30 years shorter than it is now.Improvements in health care over the past century have made overall life expectancy longer than ever before, and the average life expectancy of the global population continues to rise.
In richer developed countries, life expectancy is increasing by 5 hours a day or faster, and many developing countries are catching up with developed countries at an even faster rate.
Today, the leading cause of death in humans is the aging process itself, and the various diseases that result from this process.
So.What Exactly Is Controlling Aging?
Let us imagine the death of the next person, who takes his last breath, and thus ends his life.At this time, some cells in the body are still alive.They don't know what period happened, but they are still carrying out normal metabolism to maintain life.They extract oxygen and nutrients from their environment and produce large amounts of energy.It also makes proteins and other cellular components, and drives the activities of all cellular components.
soon.Cells die from lack of oxygen.And with their death, something very old came to an end - every cell in the body that just died could, in theory, follow an unbroken chain of cell division going back almost 40 billion years on Earth Those cellular life bodies that first appeared.
Death is inevitable, but some cells in your body have an amazing property: As long as humans don't die, they're nearly immortal, assuming you have children.For every surviving child, you have a cell (sperm or egg) that escaped perdition.Children are born, grow up, grow up, multiply, and the life of cells continues from generation to generation.
This brings us to an almost miraculous existence of a lineage of cells capable of immortality.But why do almost all living things have a body that is bound to die? Why don't all cells have the opportunity to live forever? These questions were first questioned by the naturalist Wo-G--S--te? Wei--S-- Mann put forward in the 19th century: "abandoning the body theory".
In fact, cells will be destroyed at any time, such as dna mutation, protein damage, highly reactive "free radicals" attacking cell membranes, etc. The existence of life depends on the continuous replication and translation of genetic information.
Germ cells survive a catastrophe caused by all kinds of mistakes, partly because of extremely sophisticated self-maintenance and repair mechanisms, and partly because of their ability to eliminate major mistakes through round after round. ability.
Sperm are produced on a large scale, but usually only one excellent sperm can combine with the egg; there are also many cells that can form eggs, far exceeding the number of final ovulation.
Rigorous quality control weeds out the defective ones, while natural selection acts as the final arbiter of which individuals are best suited to pass on the germline from generation to generation.
For some multicellular organisms, not aging seems to be a criterion.Freshwater polyps have super viability. As they age, the mortality rate will not increase, and the reproductive ability will not decrease.Even if it is cut into many segments, a complete body can be regrown.The secret of hydra’s eternal youth is simple: reproductive cells are all over the body.
In most multicellular animals, though, germ cells are found only in the gonad tissue, where sperm and eggs are made.
Other types of cells differentiate into professional cells, such as nerve cells and muscle cells, and this differentiation is necessary for the development of complex organisms.
This division of labor has profound implications for the aging and survival times of organisms.
It is not necessary for professional cells to live forever. When the body transmits genetic information to the next generation through germ cells, professional cells can die.
Most natural organisms die very young, often from accidents, predation by natural enemies, infection or famine.At the same time, keeping the body functioning is expensive, and resources are often limited.Of the daily energy intake of an organism, some may be used for growth, some for physical labor and exercise, and some for reproduction.
Another part of the energy is stored in the form of fat to prepare for famine.It's just that, every second that the organism is alive, there will be many mistakes in the body, and a lot of fat will be consumed in the process of dealing with the mistakes.
The body must also continuously synthesize molecules necessary for life activities such as proteins, and to correctly synthesize these molecules, the body must constantly correct the genetic code, and this process also consumes a lot of energy.
In addition, the body has to allocate energy to the waste disposal system, which removes cellular debris.
It is precisely based on the energy consumption of the organism that I proposed the theory of abandoning the body: if the environment is likely to bring death to the organism, then the organism does not need to consume a lot of energy in order to survive indefinitely.In order for the species to continue, the genome only needs to keep the organism healthy and reproduce successfully before death arrives.
Under the strong pressure of natural selection, organisms prioritize growth and reproduction rather than constructing an immortal body when allocating energy.
Therefore, the aging of organisms is actually the result of long-term accumulation of various cell damages that have not been repaired.
It is also because of this that we cannot achieve immortality!
There is nothing wrong with people's pursuit of longevity in essence, but in the process of pursuing longevity, people must pay attention to a limit. You can pursue longevity within this limit, but once you exceed this limit, you have to stop, otherwise, waiting for your inevitable. would be a bad thing.
The key to pursuing longevity is to pursue and pursue it. When a person is young, he should lay the foundation for longevity...
As far as the mentality of life is concerned, there are two kinds of people, one is the pursuit of longevity, and the other is the dream of longevity.Longevity has always been the goal and dream pursued by human beings.
From ancient times to the present, almost no one among all living beings does not want to live a long life, but there are also many people who fall into the misunderstanding of forcing a long life.
Take the ancient emperors as an example, some tried their best to find some elixir of life, some believed in the lies of quack warlocks to make some elixir... All these are manifestations of striving for longevity.However, there are not a few people who fall into the misunderstanding of insisting on longevity in modern times.If some people take supplements indiscriminately, ginseng, bird's nest, deer antler...
All supplements sold in the market are bought and eaten, blindly increasing nutrition, to the point of being unrestrained. Some people feel unwell, they worry so much that they seek medical treatment everywhere and take medicine indiscriminately; "Okay, go to "colon cleansing"... I am afraid that all these "forces" may not necessarily lead to longevity.
I remember that in the 60s, there were rumors in the society that chicken blood was used to strengthen the body and cure diseases, which was even more ridiculous.
The key to pursuing longevity is pursuit and pursuit. People should lay the foundation for longevity in youth: first, develop healthy eating habits; second, develop healthy ways of thinking; third, develop healthy exercise habits, In middle age, further consolidate good habits.If we can unswervingly maintain the pursuit and confidence in longevity, be open-minded, love life, pay attention to health care, pay attention to disease prevention, and avoid accidents, longevity will become a reality step by step. (To be continued..)
ps: Note: Thank you ronyu for the support of the two monthly tickets, thank you!
Thank you jimh and Shui Yiyue for your monthly support, thank you!
Thank you to the royal family and Xie Zhixiu for your great reward and support, thank you!
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